Abstract:Renewable Energy Source (RES)-based power plants need to control the active and reactive power at the Point of Common Connection (PCC) with the grid, in order to comply with the requirements of the Transmission System Operators (TSOs). This point is normally far away from the power converter station, and the cables and step-up transformers have a non-neglectable influence on the delivered power. In order to overcome this drawback, this paper presents a control algorithm that permits one to control remotely the… Show more
“…Figure 1. Estimated cost reduction for solar cell systems in 2018-2030 [4] in [5] Due to changes in solar radiation, the PV system's power output varies. The power supply source (PLN) supplies power to the load according to demand, but the power required by the load often changes according to needs which affects the electric power network.…”
The decreasing of world’s supply of fossil energy caused by the human need for energy continues to increase. As a result, energy prices will be more expensive. Solar cells that utilize solar energy are a source of renewable electrical energy (RE). The use of solar cells to generate electricity can be used to reduce the burden of electricity bills anywhere as in Islamic boarding schools. The burden of electricity bills at the Fajrul Iman Patumbak Modern Islamic Boarding School, Deli Serdang Regency is quite a burden on Islamic boarding school expenses. To reduce the burden of spending on electricity bills at Islamic boarding schools, solar cells and control equipment are installed so that they can generate electricity. The control system is installed using an on-grid system, the electricity generated can be directly used by the Islamic boarding school during the day and will reduce some of the power absorbed/taken from PLN. After this service is carried out, the cost of spending on Islamic boarding schools has decreased.
“…Figure 1. Estimated cost reduction for solar cell systems in 2018-2030 [4] in [5] Due to changes in solar radiation, the PV system's power output varies. The power supply source (PLN) supplies power to the load according to demand, but the power required by the load often changes according to needs which affects the electric power network.…”
The decreasing of world’s supply of fossil energy caused by the human need for energy continues to increase. As a result, energy prices will be more expensive. Solar cells that utilize solar energy are a source of renewable electrical energy (RE). The use of solar cells to generate electricity can be used to reduce the burden of electricity bills anywhere as in Islamic boarding schools. The burden of electricity bills at the Fajrul Iman Patumbak Modern Islamic Boarding School, Deli Serdang Regency is quite a burden on Islamic boarding school expenses. To reduce the burden of spending on electricity bills at Islamic boarding schools, solar cells and control equipment are installed so that they can generate electricity. The control system is installed using an on-grid system, the electricity generated can be directly used by the Islamic boarding school during the day and will reduce some of the power absorbed/taken from PLN. After this service is carried out, the cost of spending on Islamic boarding schools has decreased.
In this paper, a machine learning technique is proposed for the detection of cyber-attacks in Photovoltaic (PV) farms using point of common coupling (PCC) sensors alone. A comprehensive cyberattack model of a PV farm is first developed to consider operating conditions variability. The attack model specifically includes two types of cyber-attacks that are historically more difficult to detect. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) using µPMU plus figures of merit is proposed and compared with other machine learning techniques using raw electric waveform and micro-phase measurement units (µPMU), respectively. Finally, a cyber-physical security testbed of an IEEE 37-bus distributed grid with PV farms is developed. A real-time simulation, detection, and visualization framework is designed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method in a real-world application. Results show that the proposed machine learning methods can achieve adequate detection accuracy and robustness under various attack scenarios.INDEX TERMS Grid-tied power electronics converters, photovoltaic farms, cyber-attack detection, waveform, micro-phasor measurement units.
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