Remote Monitoring of Human Vital Signs Using mm-Wave FMCW Radar

Abstract

Electromagnetic radars have been shown potentially to be used for remote sensing of biosignals in a more comfortable and easier way than wearable and contact devices. While there is an increasing interest in using radars for health monitoring, their performance has not been tested and reported either in practical scenarios or with acceptable low errors. Therefore, we use a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar operating at 77 GHz in a bedroom environment to extract the respiration and heart rates of a patient, who is used to lying down on the bed. Indeed, the proposed signal processing contains advanced phase unwrapping manipulation, which is unique. In addition, the results are compared with a reliable reference sensor. Our results show that the correlations between the reference sensor and the radar estimates are in 94% and 80% for breathing and heart rates, respectively.INDEX TERMS Breathing rate monitoring, FMCW radar, heart rate monitoring, Hexoskin, mm-wave, non-contact monitoring, phase analysis, remote sensing, vital signs, TI.

Human Vital Signs Detection Methods and Potential Using Radars: A Review

“…Figure 13a shows the summarized algorithm used to detect the vital signs of the subject-under-test (SUT). Furthermore, A series of FFT and DC compensations were used in [140] for determining the vital signs of a patient lying on a bed. The vital signs' extraction algorithm is given in Figure 13b.…”

“…To remove the user-induced motion artifact, a certain signal energy threshold value where any time window signal energy exceeding that value is omitted from the data. [140] and (c) [141] to retrieve the range and vital signs of subjects-under-test (SUTs).…”

“…The designed hybrid system was able to differentiate human subjects from other surrounding objects. Furthermore, a millimeter-wave FMCW radar was implemented in [140] for vital signs monitoring of a patient located at around 1.7 m from the radar. Showing relatively low power consumption, this system may be used for long-term monitoring of patients.…”

“…Algorithms used in (a)[138], (b)[140] and (c)[141] to retrieve the range and vital signs of subjects-under-test (SUTs).…”

Low-cost low-power in-vehicle occupant detection with mm-wave FMCW radar

“…The sensor imaging resolution is defined as the minimum spatial separation of two targets revolvable by the radar which contains both range and azimuth resolutions. For FMCW radars, the larger the sweeping bandwidth is, the more range resolution is [4]. On the other hand, the angle of arrival resolution increases by increasing the number of transmitters and receivers.…”