The article introduces a new concept of the logic of space observations. Space observation logic is interpreted as a synthesis of space logic and space exploration. The article shows and proves that space images show not the real hemisphere of the planet, but its smaller part. The article introduces new concepts: the apparent diameter of the planet and the "spherical shadow" of the planet. Formulas are given for calculating the real diameter from the "apparent diameter" of the planet. Formulas are given for calculating the "spherical shadow" in the center plane of the planet. The article analyzes the dimensions of the spherical segment on the surface of the planet, which is the closest to the observation point. This segment is shown with exaggeration in satellite images. The article provides working formulas for calculating the real dimensions of a spherical segment. On the basis of the research carried out, the logical rules of the logic of space observations are introduced. The article states that the logic of space observations can be a section of space geoinformatics and a section of spatial logic.