Remote line scan thermography for the rapid inspection of composite impact damage

Moran, James P.; Rajic, Nik

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.10.038

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…1(b)) contains a polished metal parabolic reflector which focuses light from a 118 mm long 150 W quartz-halogen lamp positioned at the reflectors focal point, to a line width of ~20 mm at a distance 500 mm from the lamp. Previous work has shown that this line width is sufficient to produce reliable indications of the composite damage targeted in the present investigation [10].…”

Section: Experimental Testingmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Data acquired from each scan was post-processed using DPPT to produce a set of phase maps that were used as the basis for the performance comparison between detectors. The DPPT approach was detailed previously in [10]. For the purposes of the present article the salient feature of DPPT is that it maps thermal contrasts produced by sub-surface defects into dipole-like phase signatures, as will become clear in the following sections.…”

Section: Test and Processing Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LST has the capacity to inspect large areas of structure at relatively high speed and the potential to be deployed by either an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) [9]. Preliminary work toward realising such a capability was undertaken using a 3DOF Cartesian robot and was reported in [10]. In this previous work, experimental testing on laminate samples containing BVID produced generally encouraging results, but it also demonstrated that a relatively high-performance infrared imaging capability is necessary to achieve satisfactory detection results; specifically, a cooled photon imager was shown to significantly outperform a microbolometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Evaluation of a High Operating Temperature Midwave Infrared Detector for Automated Non-Destructive Inspection of Composite Damage

Gray

Woodrow

Rosalie

et al. 2021

Materials Research Proceedings

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Abstract. A new high operating temperature (HOT) midwave infrared (MWIR) imaging core is experimentally evaluated for use in automated inspection of composite impact damage by line scan thermography (LST). This evaluation is undertaken as part of a broader effort to develop an autonomous inspection capability for aerospace composite structures, deployable by ground and aerial robotic systems. The performance of the HOT MWIR core is assessed against a high-performance cooled photon-detector camera, an uncooled microbolometer core and an uncooled microbolometer camera, on two carbon epoxy laminate test specimens: one containing flat-bottom-hole synthetic defects and the other barely visible impact damage (BVID) introduced by controlled low-velocity impact. These test panels are scanned using a 3-axis robotic LST apparatus, at speeds of 25 and 100 mm/s. The HOT MWIR core is shown to match the detection performance of the cooled camera, and to significantly outperform both microbolometers. The high performance of this core combined with its relatively low mass, size and power consumption offers an encouraging basis for the development of a drone-deployable LST inspection capability.

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Section: Experimental Testingmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Test and Processing Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparative Evaluation of a High Operating Temperature Midwave Infrared Detector for Automated Non-Destructive Inspection of Composite Damage

Gray

Woodrow

Rosalie

et al. 2021

Materials Research Proceedings

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“…1, and its varied forms has been applied in many NDE scenarios such as, welds [16] and surface evaluation [17], mechanical equipment [18], composites structures etc. [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inversion Technique for Quantitative Infrared Thermography Evaluation of Delamination Defects in Multilayered Structures

Liu

Pei

Xie

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.

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Inverse analysis is a promising tool for quantitative evaluation offering informative model-based prediction and providing accurate reconstruction results without pre-inspections for characterization criteria. For traditional defect inverse reconstruction, a large number of parameters are required to reconstruct a complex defect, and the corresponding forward modelling simulation is very time-consuming. Such issues result in ill-posed and complex inverse reconstruction results, which further reduces its practical applicability. In this paper, we propose and experimentally validate an inversion technique for the reconstruction of complexly-shaped delamination defects in a multilayered metallic structure using signals derived from infrared thermography (IRT) testing. First, we employ a novel defect parameterization strategy based on Fourier series fitting to represent the profile of a complicated delamination defect with relatively few coefficients. Secondly, the multi-medium element modelling method is applied to enhance a FEM fast forward simulator, in order to solve the mismatching mesh issue for mesh updating during inversion. Thirdly, a deterministic inverse algorithm based on a penalty conjugate gradient algorithm is employed to realize a robust and efficient inverse analysis. By reconstructing delamination profiles with both numerically-simulated IRT signals and those obtained through laser IRT experiments, the validity, efficiency and robustness of the proposed inversion method are demonstrated for delamination defects in a double-layered plate. Based on this strategy, not only is the feasibility of the proposed method in Infrared thermography NDT validated, but the practical applicability of inversion reconstruction analysis is significantly improved.

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“…The development of adequate excitation and post-processing techniques to overcome the aforementioned detectability limits of optical infrared thermography has been widely researched [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Principally, temporal and spectral shaping of the excitation waveform can control its effective diffusion length and corresponding thermal response in order to achieve improved defectinduced contrast and deeper detection range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of frequency and/or phase modulated excitation waveforms for optical infrared thermography of CFRPs through thermal wave radar: A simulation study

Hedayatrasa

Poelman

Segers

et al. 2019

Composite Structures

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Following the developments in pulse compression techniques for increased range resolution and higher signal to noise ratio of radio wave radar systems, the concept of thermal wave radar (TWR) was introduced for enhanced depth resolvability in optical infrared thermography. However, considering the highly dispersive and overly damped behavior of heat wave, it is essential to systematically address both the opportunities and the limitations of the approach. In this regard, this paper is dedicated to a detailed analysis of the performance of TWR in inspection of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) through frequency and/or phase modulation of the excitation waveform. In addition to analogue frequency modulated (sweep) and discrete phase modulated (Barker binary coded) waveforms, a new discrete frequency-phase modulated (FPM) excitation waveform is introduced. All waveforms are formulated based on a central frequency so that their performance can be fairly compared to each other and to lock-in thermography at the same frequency. Depth resolvability of the waveforms, in terms of phase and lag of TWR, is firstly analyzed by an analytical solution to the 1D heat wave problem, and further by 3D finite element analysis which takes into account the anisotropic heat diffusivity of CFRPs, the non-uniform heating induced by the optical source and the measurement noise. The spectrum of the defectinduced phase contrast is calculated and, in view of that, the critical influence of the chosen central frequency and the laminate's thickness on the performance of TWR is discussed. Various central frequencies are examined and the outstanding performance of TWR at relatively high excitation frequencies is highlighted, particularly when approaching the so-called blind frequency of a defect.

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Remote line scan thermography for the rapid inspection of composite impact damage

Cited by 36 publications

References 11 publications

Comparative Evaluation of a High Operating Temperature Midwave Infrared Detector for Automated Non-Destructive Inspection of Composite Damage

Comparative Evaluation of a High Operating Temperature Midwave Infrared Detector for Automated Non-Destructive Inspection of Composite Damage

Inversion Technique for Quantitative Infrared Thermography Evaluation of Delamination Defects in Multilayered Structures

Performance of frequency and/or phase modulated excitation waveforms for optical infrared thermography of CFRPs through thermal wave radar: A simulation study

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