Remodeling of the skeletal muscle and postsynaptic component after short-term joint immobilization and aquatic training

Rocha, Lara Caetano; Jacob, Carolina Dos Santos; Barbosa, Gabriela Klein; Neto, Jurandyr Pimentel; Neto, Walter Krause; Gama, Eliane Florêncio; Ciena, Adriano Polican

doi:10.1007/s00418-020-01910-9

Cited by 7 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Resistance training after static stretching (SRT Group) resulted in higher endplate compactness than other experimental groups. The term compactness has been used as a descriptor of quantity receptors in the postsynaptic area 32 ; in other studies, we can find this index as a "dispersion" 33,34 . Deschenes et al 3 documented that compactness (or dispersion) is directly related to the intensity of exercise in which the resistance training increased soleus postsynaptic compactness, and in low-intensity running, reduced endplate dispersion 17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…All the sections were incubated in a solution containing ATP (10 mg), glycine/NaCl buffer (10 mL), CaCl2 (in pH 9.4), and dithiothreitol for 30 min. The sections were incubated in 2% cobalt chloride for 7 min, dehydrated in a series of alcohol concentrations, and finished in xylol 33 .…”

Section: Histochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cross-section area (CSA) of Type I and II of soleus myofibers and the CSA of Type I, IIa, and IIx of plantaris myofibers (n = 100/fiber type/group) were quantified using a 20X objective lens with 10X ocular magnification. Subsequently, we performed the normality test of the data and analyzed it using Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post hoc test (p < 0.05) 33 .…”

Section: Morphologic and Morphometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The previous stretching to resistance training promotes adaptations on the postsynaptic region in different myofiber types

Jacob

Barbosa

Rodrigues

et al. 2021

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This investigation revealed the postsynaptic morphological adaptations in static stretching, resistance training, and their association in adult male Wistar rats. We processed the soleus and plantaris muscle for histochemical (muscle hypertrophy) and postsynaptic region imaging techniques. We observed muscle hypertrophy in both groups submitted to resistance training, even though the cross-section area is larger when there is no previous static stretching. The soleus postsynaptic region revealed an increase in compactness and fragmentation index in combined exercise. The resistance training promotes high adaptations in the postsynaptic area of plantaris; moreover, the previous static stretching decreased this area. In conclusion, the neuromuscular system’s components respond according to the myofiber type even though it is the same physical exercise. Besides, static stretching (isolated or combined) plays a crucial role in neuromuscular adaptations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Histochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphologic and Morphometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The previous stretching to resistance training promotes adaptations on the postsynaptic region in different myofiber types

Jacob

Barbosa

Rodrigues

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The stereology analysis of numerical density (%) was performed using the ImageJ™ software in 200X magnification images of Type I, II, and IIx muscle fibers (n=10 images/group); they were measured by counting the number of myofibers per photographed field, and their group means percentage was calculated. 7 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biceps brachii sections were then washed in PBS and BSA before being coated with Prolong (Molecular Probes ® ; P10144), coverslips applied, and stored at -20ºC until analysis. 7 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postsynaptic cleft density changes with combined exercise protocols in an experimental model of muscular hypertrophy

et al. 2021

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The vertical ladder-based protocols contribute to the NMJ junction's adaptations, and when combined with and without load, can be potentiated. The present study aimed to investigate postsynaptic regions of the biceps brachii muscle in adult male Wistar rats submitted to different vertical ladder-based protocols (Sedentary - S; Climbing - C; Climbing with Load - LC and Combined Climbing - CC). The protocols (C, LC, CC) were performed in 24 sessions, 3 x/week, for 8 weeks. The myofibrillar ATPase analysis showed an increase in cross-sectional area (CSA) of the muscle fibers Type I in all trained Groups; Type II in C and LC and reduction in CC; Type IIx higher in all trained Groups. In the postsynaptic cleft, the stained area presents smaller in Groups C, LC, and CC; the total area showed smaller than LC and higher in C and CC. The stained and total perimeter, and dispersion showed a reduction in C, LC, and CC, higher maximum diameter in Groups C and CC, and decreased in LC. Regarding the postsynaptic cleft distribution, the stained area presented a decrease in all trained Groups. The integrated density presented higher principally in CC. The NMJ count showed an increase in all trained Groups. We concluded that the vertical ladder-based protocols combined contributed to the postsynaptic region adaptations.

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Sensitivity of subcellular components of neuromuscular junctions to decreased neuromuscular activity

Deschenes

Trebelhorn

High

et al. 2021

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Muscle unloading imparts subtotal disuse on the neuromuscular system resulting in reduced performance capacity. This loss of function, at least in part, can be attributed to disruptions at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). However, research has failed to document morphological remodeling of the NMJ with short term muscle unloading. Here, rather than quantifying cellular components of the NMJ, we examined subcellular active zone responses to 2 weeks of unloading in male Wistar rats. It was revealed that in the plantaris, but not the soleus muscles, unloading elicited significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrements in active zone staining as measured by Bassoon, and calcium channel expression. It was also discovered that unloading decreased the area of calcium channels staining relative to active zone areas of staining suggesting potential interference in the ability of calcium influx to trigger the release of vesicles docked at the active zone. Post‐synaptic adaptations of the motor endplate were not evident. This presynaptic subcellular size reduction was not associated with atrophy of the underlying plantaris muscle fibers, although atrophy of the weight‐bearing soleus fibers, where no subcellular remodeling was evident, was noted. These results suggest that the active zone is highly sensitive to alterations in neuromuscular activity, and that morphological adaptation of excitatory and contractile components of the NMJ can occur independently of each other.

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Remodeling of the skeletal muscle and postsynaptic component after short-term joint immobilization and aquatic training

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

The previous stretching to resistance training promotes adaptations on the postsynaptic region in different myofiber types

The previous stretching to resistance training promotes adaptations on the postsynaptic region in different myofiber types

Postsynaptic cleft density changes with combined exercise protocols in an experimental model of muscular hypertrophy

Sensitivity of subcellular components of neuromuscular junctions to decreased neuromuscular activity

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