Remodeling of Adipose Tissues by Fatty Acids: Mechanistic Update on Browning and Thermogenesis by n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Raj, Radha Raman; Lofquist, Sydney; Lee, Mi‐Jeong

doi:10.1007/s11095-022-03377-w

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…[61] Polyunsaturated fatty acids in brown rice remodeled adipose tissue in a healthier manner with enhanced thermogenesis. [62] Dietary fiber in brown rice was not considered to be the main component of brown rice in promoting adipose tissue heat production, but GABA, flavonoids, polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids might play a key role. [57] There are a few recent studies on the regulation of brown rice diet on the metabolic health of offspring, these studies concluded that brown rice consumption during pregnancy was beneficial to the metabolic homeostasis of offspring in adulthood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal Brown Rice Diet during Pregnancy Promotes Adipose Tissue Browning in Offspring via Reprogramming PKA Signaling and DNA Methylation

Xue,

Sun,

Sun

et al. 2024

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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ScopeBrown rice, the most consumed food worldwide, has been shown to possess beneficial effects on the prevention of metabolic diseases. However, the way in which maternal brown rice diet improves metabolism in offspring and the regulatory mechanisms remains unclear. The study explores the epigenetic regulation of offspring energy metabolic homeostasis by maternal brown rice diet during pregnancy.Methods and resultsFemale mice are fed brown rice during pregnancy, and then body phenotypes, the histopathological analysis, and adipose tissues biochemistry assay of offspring mice are detected. It is found that maternal brown rice diet significantly reduces body weight and fat mass, increases energy expenditure and heat production in offspring. Maternal brown rice diet increases uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) protein level and upregulates the mRNA expression of thermogenic genes in adipose tissues. Mechanistically, protein kinase A (PKA) signaling is likely responsible in the induced thermogenic program in offspring adipocytes, and the progeny adipocytes browning program is altered due to decreased level of DNA methyltransferase 1 protein and hypomethylation of the transcriptional coregulator positive regulatory domain containing 16 (PRDM16).ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that maternal brown rice during pregnancy improves offspring mice metabolic homeostasis via promoting adipose browning, and its mechanisms may be mediated by DNA methylation reprogramming.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Brown Rice Diet during Pregnancy Promotes Adipose Tissue Browning in Offspring via Reprogramming PKA Signaling and DNA Methylation

Xue,

Sun,

Sun

et al. 2024

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…In humans, it is well established that the quality of the dietary FA intake modulates the FA pattern of cellular TAG and phospholipids with influences on metabolic processes and health parameters, since FA are not only energy sources but also serve as signaling molecules regulating distinct physiological functions and cellular processes [ 66 , 67 ] A good example of this is the beneficial effect of EPA and DHA consumption on thermogenesis, inflammation and cardio-metabolic diseases [ 66 ]. Moreover, the fat quality (the length of the carbon chain and the saturation state) was found to be an important parameter that determines how the intestinal microbiota and the immune system are affected by dietary fats [ 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat Quality Impacts the Effect of a High-Fat Diet on the Fatty Acid Profile, Life History Traits and Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster

Eickelberg

Rimbach

Seidler

et al. 2022

Cells

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Feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) has been shown to alter phenotypic and metabolic parameters in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the impact of fat quantity and quality remains uncertain. We first used butterfat (BF) as an example to investigate the effects of increasing dietary fat content (3–12%) on male and female fruit flies. Although body weight and body composition were not altered by any BF concentration, health parameters, such as lifespan, fecundity and larval development, were negatively affected in a dose-dependent manner. When fruit flies were fed various 12% HFDs (BF, sunflower oil, olive oil, linseed oil, fish oil), their fatty acid profiles shifted according to the dietary fat qualities. Moreover, fat quality was found to determine the effect size of the response to an HFD for traits, such as lifespan, climbing activity, or fertility. Consistently, we also found a highly fat quality-specific transcriptional response to three exemplary HFD qualities with a small overlap of only 30 differentially expressed genes associated with the immune/stress response and fatty acid metabolism. In conclusion, our data indicate that not only the fat content but also the fat quality is a crucial factor in terms of life-history traits when applying an HFD in D. melanogaster.

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“…Fish oils contain high levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fats (PUFAs), specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that the body is unable to synthesize on its own. Fish oils are a well-documented activator of thermogenic activity in adipose tissue and n-3 PUFAs promote anti-inflammation and SNS activity [ 6 ]. The addition of EPA (36 g/kg) to HFD (45%) feeding in male C57BL/6J mice for 11 weeks increased UCP1 protein in BAT and other browning marker genes including Prdm16 , Pgc-1a and Fgf21 , whereas DHA (10 or 50 mg/kg) in HFD (60% fat) feeding over 8 weeks in male mice increased UCP1 content and anti-inflammatory macrophages in eWAT [ 111 , 112 ].…”

Section: Activators Of Brown Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To combat obesity by utilizing BAT activation mediated increased EE, it is essential to understand the mechanisms that govern BAT activation and inhibition, in both rodents and human models. Activators such as cold-exposure, thyroid hormones, and fish oil-derived omega-3 fatty acids promote BAT activity by upregulating the gene expression of Ucp1 and other browning-associated proteins [ 4 – 6 ]. Conversely, glucocorticoids, androgens, aldosterone, and high fat diet serve as BAT inactivators and hinder thermogenic function by dysregulating adipocytes and inflammation [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weighing in on the role of brown adipose tissue for treatment of obesity

Prapaharan,

Lea,

Beaudry

2024

J. pharm. pharm. sci.

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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation is an emerging target for obesity treatments due to its thermogenic properties stemming from its ability to shuttle energy through uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1). Recent rodent studies show how BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) activity can be modulated to increase the expression of thermogenic proteins. Consequently, these alterations enable organisms to endure cold-temperatures and elevate energy expenditure, thereby promoting weight loss. In humans, BAT is less abundant in obese subjects and impacts of thermogenesis are less pronounced, bringing into question whether energy expending properties of BAT seen in rodents can be translated to human models. Our review will discuss pharmacological, hormonal, bioactive, sex-specific and environmental activators and inhibitors of BAT to determine the potential for BAT to act as a therapeutic strategy. We aim to address the feasibility of utilizing BAT modulators for weight reduction in obese individuals, as recent studies suggest that BAT’s contributions to energy expenditure along with Ucp1-dependent and -independent pathways may or may not rectify energy imbalance characteristic of obesity.

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Remodeling of Adipose Tissues by Fatty Acids: Mechanistic Update on Browning and Thermogenesis by n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Cited by 6 publications

References 128 publications

Maternal Brown Rice Diet during Pregnancy Promotes Adipose Tissue Browning in Offspring via Reprogramming PKA Signaling and DNA Methylation

Maternal Brown Rice Diet during Pregnancy Promotes Adipose Tissue Browning in Offspring via Reprogramming PKA Signaling and DNA Methylation

Fat Quality Impacts the Effect of a High-Fat Diet on the Fatty Acid Profile, Life History Traits and Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster

Weighing in on the role of brown adipose tissue for treatment of obesity

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