Remineralization of Reverse Osmosis (RO)-desalted water for a Moroccan desalination plant: optimization and cost evaluation of the lime saturator post

Azhar, F. El; Tahaikt, M.; Zouhri, N.; Zdeg, A.; Hafsi, M.; Tahri, K.; Bari, H.; Taky, Mohamed; Elamrani, M.; Elmidaoui, A.

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2012.06.003

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The operating costs of the WWRPs and SWDPs consist of the costs of overheads, energy, chemicals, consumables, and spare parts, and are presumed as $0.35–0.85/m 3 for the WWRPs, and $0.5–1.1/m 3 for the SWDPs [ Karagiannis and Soldatos , ; Reddy and Ghaffour , ]. Also included in the costs is the cost of posttreatment of the desalinated water (i.e., lime addition for pH adjustment [ El Azhar et al ., ], remineralization [ Rygaard et al ., ], and chlorine disinfection) amounting to $0.1/m 3 .…”

Section: Methods and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating desalination to reservoir operation to increase redundancy for more secure water supply

Bhushan

2016

Water Resources Research

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We investigate the potential of integrating desalination to existing reservoir systems to mitigate supply uncertainty. Desalinated seawater and wastewater are relatively reliable but expensive. Water from natural resources like reservoirs is generally cheaper but climate sensitive. We propose combining the operation of a reservoir and seawater and wastewater desalination plants for an overall system that is less vulnerable to scarcity and uncertainty, while constraining total cost. The joint system is modeled as a multiobjective optimization problem with the double objectives of minimizing risk and vulnerability, subject to a minimum limit on resilience. The joint model is applied to two cases, one based on the climate and demands of a location in India and the other of a location in California. The results for the Indian case indicate that it is possible for the joint system to reduce risk and vulnerability to zero given a budget increase of 20-120% under current climate conditions and 30-150% under projected future conditions. For the Californian case, this would require budget increases of 20-80% and 30-140% under current and future conditions, respectively. Further, our analysis shows a two-way interaction between the reservoir and desalination plants where the optimal operation of the former is just as much affected by the latter as the latter by the former. This highlights the importance of an integrated management approach. This study contributes to a greater quantitative understanding of desalination as a redundancy measure for adapting water supply infrastructures for a future of greater scarcity and uncertainty.Of the different alternatives, we focus on the last two, namely desalinated seawater and desalinated wastewater

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Section: Methods and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating desalination to reservoir operation to increase redundancy for more secure water supply

Bhushan

2016

Water Resources Research

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“…The permeate of the RO unit is not directly potable due its low alkalinity and must be remineralised with hardening components (Ca 2þ and Mg 2þ ). The model follows the remineralisation process described by (El Azhar et al 2012), to reach a total hardness higher than 1 mmol/L required to meet Dutch potable water quality legislation (Beyer et al 2014). Considering the low solubility of lime in water this process applies a lime saturation tank and a mixer that feeds an adequate amount of lime saturated water into the RO permeate (El Azhar et al 2012).…”

Section: Modelled Matps and Process Design Choicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model follows the remineralisation process described by (El Azhar et al 2012), to reach a total hardness higher than 1 mmol/L required to meet Dutch potable water quality legislation (Beyer et al 2014). Considering the low solubility of lime in water this process applies a lime saturation tank and a mixer that feeds an adequate amount of lime saturated water into the RO permeate (El Azhar et al 2012). Remineralisation of water after reverse osmosis can improve drinking water quality significantly and even allows the adjustment of total dissolved solid contents to empirically confirmed concentrations that provide users with the most favourable taste intensity (Vingerhoeds et al 2016).…”

Section: Modelled Matps and Process Design Choicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A techno-economic analysis of membrane-based advanced treatment processes for the reuse of municipal wastewater

Kehrein

Jafari

Slagt

et al. 2021

Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination

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The objective of this paper is to compare, under Dutch market conditions, the energy consumption and net costs of membrane-based advanced treatment processes for three water reuse types (i.e. potable, industrial, agricultural reuse). The water source is municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent. Results indicate that the application of reverse osmosis is needed to reclaim high quality water for industrial and potable reuse but not for irrigation water which offers significant energy savings but may not lead automatically to lower net costs. While a reclamation process for industrial reuse is economically most promising, irrigation water reclamation processes are not cost effective due to low water prices. Moreover, process operational expenditures may exceed capital expenditures which is important for tender procedures. A significant cost factor is waste management that may exceed energy costs. Water recovery rates could be significantly enhanced through the integration of a softener/biostabilizer unit prior to reverse osmosis. Moreover, the energy consumption of wastewater reclamation processes could be supplied on-site with solar energy. The possibility of designing a ‘fit for multi-purpose’ reclamation process is discussed briefly. This comparative analysis allows for better informed decision making about which reuse type is preferably targeted in a municipal wastewater reuse project from a process design perspective.

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“…DOI: 10.24850/j-tyca-2020-03-08 alimentación, produciendo un agua no estable que puede causar problemas en la salud de la población que la bebe. Además, el agua osmotizada genera problemas de corrosión en las tuberías y/o estructuras auxiliares en los sistemas de distribución (Biyoune et al, 2017;Liang et al, 2013a;El-Azhar et al, 2012), por lo cual es indispensable contar con sistemas de postratamiento.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Remineralización de agua osmotizada mediante un contactor de calcita de flujo continuo ascendente

Villegas-Mendoza

Piña-Soberanis

Alvillo-Rivera

et al. 2020

Tecnol. cienc. agua

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Remineralization of Reverse Osmosis (RO)-desalted water for a Moroccan desalination plant: optimization and cost evaluation of the lime saturator post

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Integrating desalination to reservoir operation to increase redundancy for more secure water supply

Integrating desalination to reservoir operation to increase redundancy for more secure water supply

A techno-economic analysis of membrane-based advanced treatment processes for the reuse of municipal wastewater

Remineralización de agua osmotizada mediante un contactor de calcita de flujo continuo ascendente

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