Remineralization of early enamel lesions with a novel prepared tricalcium silicate paste

Abstract

To evaluate the remineralization potential of prepared tricalcium silicate (TCS) paste compared to silver diamine fluoride-potassium iodide (SDF-KI) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on artificial enamel lesions. Thirty permanent sound molars were collected for the study. After cleaning, root cutting, and applying acid-resistant nail varnish, leaving a 4 × 4 mm buccal window, the teeth were subjected to demineralization process. The teeth were divided into three treatment groups (n = 10). In each group, the teeth were sectioned buccolingually to obtain two halves (30 self-control and 30 experimental halves). The self-control halves were subjected to cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy at 50, 100, and 150 µm from the external enamel surface, and micromorphological analysis at the superficial enamel surface. The experimental halves were subjected to the same tests after 30 days of remineralization. Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) outcomes showed no significant difference in CSMH after treatment among the three different groups at the different levels (p > 0.05). Meanwhile, three-way ANOVA outcomes showed a significant difference in calcium/ phosphate ratio after treatment among the three different groups at the different levels. (p < 0.05). The tricalcium silicate paste used in this study showed potential remineralization in subsurface enamel lesions.

Long‐term evaluation of early‐enamel lesions treated with novel experimental tricalcium silicate paste: A 2‐year randomized clinical trial

“…Also, there was a remarkable reduction in the lesion size (Figure 5). The remineralization potential of TCS is ascribed to the deposition of CaSiO 4 over the enamel substrate, providing a state of supersaturation in the surrounding biofilm 34 . An in vitro study stated that when β‐CaSiO 3 and β‐Ca 2 SiO 4 come in contact with saliva, it dissolves and deposits a silanol group (Si‐O) on the enamel surface 31,34 .…”

“…The remineralization potential of TCS is ascribed to the deposition of CaSiO 4 over the enamel substrate, providing a state of supersaturation in the surrounding biofilm 34 . An in vitro study stated that when β‐CaSiO 3 and β‐Ca 2 SiO 4 come in contact with saliva, it dissolves and deposits a silanol group (Si‐O) on the enamel surface 31,34 . This functional group can bind to Ca 2+ ions and induce the precipitation of hydroxyapatite 31,34 .…”

“…34 An in vitro study stated that when β-CaSiO 3 and β-Ca 2 SiO 4 come in contact with saliva, it dissolves and deposits a silanol group (Si-O) on the enamel surface. 31,34 This functional group can bind to Ca 2+ ions and induce the precipitation of hydroxyapatite. 31,34 Furthermore, the phosphate group (PO 4 À3 ) can attract Ca 2+ ions through the silanol group, forming a Ca-P rich layer that plays a great role in enamel remineralization.…”

“…The bioactivity of calcium silicate has been previously explained as it can induce hydroxyapatite formation when it contacts body fluids 30,31,33 . Calcium silicate is a major component of Portland cement, which shows reparative ability without any biological irritation 30,34 . Calcium silicate‐based materials have the ability to adhere to enamel substrate without any pre application conditioning steps 31,34 .…”

“…30,31,33 Calcium silicate is a major component of Portland cement, which shows reparative ability without any biological irritation. 30,34 Calcium silicate-based materials have the ability to adhere to enamel substrate without any pre application conditioning steps. 31,34 After searching in the published literature, there is limited evidence suggesting the use of calcium silicate-based material in remineralization of early enamel lesions.…”