Remineralization Efficacy of an Amelogenin-Based Synthetic Peptide on Carious Lesions

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the remineralization efficacy of an amelogenin-based peptide on initial enamel carious lesions in vitro. Furthermore, we attempted to provide insights into the possible mechanism of the remineralization, including determining the calcium-binding properties of the peptide and its effects on calcium phosphate mineralization.Methods: The peptide comprising the N-terminus and the C-terminus of porcine amelogenin was synthesized by Synpeptide Co., Ltd. Fifty specimens were randomly assigned to five immersing treatment groups for 12 days: remineralizing medium only; 12.5 μg/mL peptide + remineralizing medium; 25 μg/mL peptide + remineralizing medium; 50 μg/mL peptide + remineralizing medium; fluoride + remineralizing medium. After immersion, mean mineral loss before and after remineralization of each specimen was determined using micro-CT. Mean mineral gain after remineralization was calculated. Calcium binding properties were measured by Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). TEM and Fourier transform-infrared were used to determine the effects of the peptide on calcium phosphate mineralization.Results: A significant decrease in mineral loss after remineralization process in all groups was observed (p < 0.05). Treatment in remineralizing medium resulted in the lowest mineral gain while the fluoridated treatment exhibited the highest mineral gain among all groups. Inclusion of synthetic peptide in the remineralizing medium exhibited a higher mineral gain and the gain of 50 μg/mL group was greater than that of the 25 μg/mL group. No significant difference in mineral gain was observed between the remineralizing medium only group and the 12.5 μg/mL peptide group (p > 0.05). ITC values showed that the Ca2+-binding affinity of the peptide is about 9.914 × 104M−1. Furthermore, the peptide was found to inhibit calcium phosphate precipitation and stabilize amorphous calcium phosphate formation for more than 2 h and finally transform into ordered hydroxyapatite crystals.Conclusion: Specific concentrations of the amelogenin-based synthetic peptide promoted in vitro remineralization, with higher concentrations exhibiting significantly greater remineralization. This study presented evidence suggesting that the peptide may act as a Ca2+carrier as well as a regulating factor. When the stabilizing calcium and phosphorus ions bind with the peptide they become biologically available for the remineralization of deeper carious lesions, while also regulated by the peptide to transform into ordered hydroxyapatite crystals.

Tuftelin‐derived peptide facilitates remineralization of initial enamel caries in vitro

“…TEM showed that TDP induced the formation of dispersed, chain‐like nanospheres in the mineralization assay (Figure 2a), which were more obvious and organized than in the samples incubated with DDW, consistent with previous research (Chu et al, 2018; Zhou, Zhou, Gao, Wu, & Chang, 2018).…”

Influence of molecular weight and concentration of carboxymethyl chitosan on biomimetic mineralization of collagen

“…Moreover, differences in entropic (DS) components of three MWs of CMC indicated that 150 kDa CMC might lose the most conformational freedom aer binding to Ca 2+ , probably due to its longest chain length and lowest mobility, which might eventually result in a comparatively lower ratio of [-COO À ]/[Ca 2+ ] and stability of CMC-ACP precursors, but the relation between DS and conformational changes of CMC was yet to be conrmed by further studies. As increasing concentration of CMC in supersaturated calcium-phosphate dispersions could bind with more Ca 2+ , which resulted in lowered supersaturation and inhibited crystal growth, 42 the elongated precipitation half-time and increased stability of CMC-ACP dispersions could be achieved. In our system, collagen scaffolds mineralized with dispersions containing high concentrations (200 mg ml À1 ) CMC of all MWs achieved pure intrabrillar mineralization, indicating that the differences in Ca 2+ binding capacities would not lead to different outcomes in stabilizing precursors and inhibiting crystallization, but the "gatekeeper" collagen brils could determine the entrance of these CMC-ACP nanodroplets.…”

In vitro remineralization of primary teeth with a mineralization-promoting peptide containing dental varnish

“…Collection of the teeth: An a priori power analysis was conducted using G*power to test the difference between seven independent group means using oneway ANOVA test, medium effect size of d=0.50 based on similar studies 19,23 The potential of mineralization-promoting peptides in dentistry has been investigated extensively and many different peptides have been identified with promising results. [13][14][15][16] In these studies, peptides have been used as aqueous solutions, which is not an ideal form for clinical application.…”

“…Self-assembling peptides have also been proposed as scaffolds to control the orientation of newly formed mineral, to resemble natural 3D architecture of the enamel. 17,18 In vitro 15,19 and in vivo 20 studies have yielded promising results for the use of peptides as remineralizing agents in dentistry. However, in these studies peptides have been applied as aqueous solutions.…”

“…In vitro 15 , 19 and in vivo 20 studies have yielded promising results for the use of peptides as remineralizing agents in dentistry. However, in these studies peptides have been applied as aqueous solutions.…”