Remembering as discrimination in delayed matching to sample: Discriminability and bias

Sargisson, Rebecca J.; White, K. Geoffrey

doi:10.3758/bf03193053

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(56 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We outline the formal situation in Figure 4. In the case of delayed-matching to sample, we may assume that the presentation of a sample stimulus gives rise to a fading memory trace after stimulus termination (Anderson, 2001; Killeen, 2001; Sargisson & White, 2001, 2003, 2007; Shepard, 1961; Sikström, 1999; White, 2001, 2002; Wixted, 2004). Thus, the horizontal axis in Figure 3 could be represented as trace decay, which grows as a function of retention interval (i.e., the independent variable in Hampton's study).…”

Section: Assessment Of What Is ‘Lost’ (Methods and Corresponding Data)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We refer to this class of threshold explanations as a stimulus-independent hypothesis to contrast it with the stimulus-response hypothesis outlined above (the explanatory power of a stimulus-independent hypothesis will be evaluated below). For the primary discrimination, Smith et al used standard assumptions about exponential decay of a stimulus (i.e., generalization decrements for an anchor stimulus in a trained discrimination); exponential decay is also commonly used to model a fading memory trace (Anderson, 2001; Killeen, 2001; Sargisson & White, 2001, 2003, 2007; Shepard, 1961; Sikström, 1999; White, 2001, 2002; Wixted, 2004). Such exponential decay functions have extensive empirical and theoretical support (Shepard, 1961, 1987; White, 2002).…”

Section: Quantitative Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Metacognition in Animals

Crystal¹,

Foote²

2009

CCBR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metacognition is thinking about thinking. There is considerable interest in developing animal models of metacognition to provide insight about the evolution of mind and a basis for investigating neurobiological mechanisms of cognitive impairments in people. Formal modeling of low-level (i.e., alternative) mechanisms has recently demonstrated that prevailing standards for documenting metacognition are inadequate. Indeed, low-level mechanisms are sufficient to explain data from existing methods. Consequently, an assessment of what is ‘lost’ (in terms of existing methods and data) necessitates the development of new, innovative methods for metacognition. Development of new methods may prompt the establishment of new standards for documenting metacognition.

show abstract

Section: Assessment Of What Is ‘Lost’ (Methods and Corresponding Data)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quantitative Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metacognition in Animals

Crystal¹,

Foote²

2009

CCBR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A second finding in the DMTS literature is that as the discrimination becomes more difficult (e.g., the delay between the offset of the sample stimulus and the onset of the comparison stimuli becomes longer), responding is influenced by the rate of reinforcement associated with each of the comparison stimuli more and more (e.g., see Sargisson & White, 2007). This also seems to be consistent with the interbehavioral approach to memory.…”

Section: The Value Of the Interbehavioral Positionmentioning

confidence: 61%

An Interbehavioral Analysis of Memory

Fryling

Hayes

2010

European Journal of Behavior Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Figure 3 of Jones and White (1992) nicely demonstrates systematic decreases in sensitivity to reinforcement variables as discrimination improves. This is but one instance of “the general principle that the influence of the reinforcer differential on choice in a conditional discrimination is greater with more difficult discriminations” (Sargisson & White, 2007, p. 183). Such steepening of the basins holds for both EV and EC models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjects adjust criterion on errors in perceptual decision tasks.

Killeen¹,

Taylor²,

Treviño³

2018

Psychological Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The optimal strategy in detection theory is to partition the decision axis at a criterion C, labeling all events that score above C "Signal", and all those that fall below "Noise." The optimal position of C, C*, depends on signal probability and payoffs. If observers place their criterion at some place other than C*, they suffer a loss in the Expected Value (EV) of payoffs over the course of many decisions. We provide an explicit equation for the degree of loss, where it is shown that the falloff in value will be steep in contexts of good discrimination and will be a flatter gradient in contexts of poor discrimination. It is these gradients of loss in EV that, in theory, drive C toward C*, strongly when discrimination is good, weakly when discrimination is poor. When signal probabilities or distributions variances are unequal, the basins of attraction are asymmetric, so that dynamic adjustments in C will be asymmetric, and thus, as we show, will leave it biased. We address our analysis to acquisition speed, response variability, discrimination reversal and other aspects of discriminated performance. In the final section, we develop an error correction model that predicts empirically observed deviations from C* that are inconsistent with the standard model, but follow from the proposed model given knowledge of d'. (PsycINFO Database Record

show abstract

Remembering as discrimination in delayed matching to sample: Discriminability and bias

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Metacognition in Animals

Metacognition in Animals

An Interbehavioral Analysis of Memory

Subjects adjust criterion on errors in perceptual decision tasks.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About