Remelting of a Neoproterozoic arc root: origin of the Pulang and Songnuo porphyry Cu deposits, Southwest China

Wang, Dian-Zhong; Hu, Ruizhong; Bi, Xian‐Wu; Zhong, Hong; Pan, Li-Chuan; Chen, Leng; Huang, Ming‐Liang; Zhu, Junjiang

doi:10.1007/s00126-021-01049-0

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…The conventional view suggests that mineralization during the Indosinian period occurred in a subduction setting [40,[42][43][44]. However, in recent years, scholars have proposed that this mineralization occurred in a collisional environment following ocean closure [37,45]. The latter event corresponds to the Yanshanian period (~88-79 Ma), marked by the development of large-to medium-sized porphyry-skarn Mo-Cu-W deposits.…”

Section: Geological Background 21 Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apatite as a Record of Magmatic–Hydrothermal Evolution and Metallogenic Processes: The Case of the Hongshan Porphyry–Skarn Cu–Mo Deposit, SW China

Zhang,

Zhu,

Pan

et al. 2024

Minerals

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Apatite, as a common accessory mineral found in magmatic–hydrothermal deposits, effectively yields geochemical insights that facilitate our understanding of the mineralization process. In this research, multiple generations of magmatic and hydrothermal apatite were observed in the Hongshan porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo deposit in the Yidun Terrane in SW China. The geochemical compositions of the apatite were studied using in situ laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and an electron probe microanalysis to understand the magmatic–hydrothermal processes leading to ore formation. The apatite (Ap1a) occurs as subhedral to euhedral inclusions hosted in the phenocrysts of the granite porphyry. The Ap1b occurs later than Ap1a in a fine-grained matrix that intersects the earlier phenocrysts. Increases in F/Cl, F/OH, and F/S and decreases in ΣREE and (La/Yb)N from Ap1a to Ap1b suggest the exsolution of a volatile-rich phase from the magma. The skarn hosts three types of hydrothermal apatite (Ap2a, Ap2b, and Ap3), marking the prograde, retrograde, and quartz–sulfide stages of mineralization, respectively. The elemental behaviors of hydrothermal apatite, including the changes in Cl, Eu, As, and REE, were utilized to reflect evolutions in salinity, pH, oxygen fugacity, and fluid compositions. The composition of Ap2a, which occurs as inclusions within garnet, indicates the presence of an early acidic magmatic fluid with high salinity and oxygen fugacity at the prograde skarn stage. The composition of Ap2b, formed by the coupled dissolution-reprecipitation of Ap2a, indicates the presence of a retrograde fluid that is characterized by lower salinity, higher pH, and a significant decrease in oxygen fugacity compared to the prograde fluid. The Ap3 coexists with quartz and sulfide minerals. Based on studies of Ap3, the fluids in the quartz–sulfide stage exhibit relatively reducing conditions, thereby accelerating the precipitation of copper and iron sulfides. This research highlights the potential of apatite geochemistry for tracing magmatic–hydrothermal evolution processes and identifying mineral exploration targets.

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Section: Geological Background 21 Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…environment following ocean closure [37,45]. The latter event corresponds to the Yanshanian period (~88-79 Ma), marked by the development of large-to medium-sized porphyry-skarn Mo-Cu-W deposits.…”

Section: Geological Background 21 Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Apatite as a Record of Magmatic–Hydrothermal Evolution and Metallogenic Processes: The Case of the Hongshan Porphyry–Skarn Cu–Mo Deposit, SW China

Zhang,

Zhu,

Pan

et al. 2024

Minerals

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“…The eastern belt consists of plutons such as Pulang, Songnuo, Langdu, Qiansui, and Disuga, corresponding to the Pulang Cu deposit, the Songnuo Cu deposit, the Langdu Cu deposit, etc. The western belt consists of plutons such as Chundu, Xuejiping, and Lannitang, corresponding to the formations of the Xuejiping Cu deposit, the Lannitang Cu deposit, and the Chundu Cu deposit (Figure 1b; [4,8,[34][35][36]).…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average δ 34 S (V-CDT) of pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite in the type (c) veins are 3.2‰, 3.1‰, 2.4‰, and 2.4‰, respectively. [34], and the data of East Pulang are according to [34,36]). (b) Figure 7.…”

Section: S Isotopic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genesis of Pb–Zn Mineralization in the Pulang Cu Polymetallic Deposit in Yunnan Province, China: Insights from Analyses of Geology, Fluid Inclusions and C–H–O–S Isotopes

Xu,

Zhao,

Deng

et al. 2024

Minerals

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The Pulang super-large porphyry Cu polymetallic deposit, located in the Sanjiang area of Yunnan Province, is one of the largest Cu deposits in China. This deposit hosts Cu resources of ~5 × 106 t and other ore-forming elements, such as Mo, Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, Pt and Pd. Recently, obvious hydrothermal vein-type Pb–Zn mineralization, with a Pb + Zn resource of ~0.4 × 106 t, has been detected in the North Ore Section of the deposit. However, the genesis of these Pb–Zn ore bodies, especially their relationship to the major Cu ore bodies in the South Ore Section, remains controversial. We conducted geologic description, fluid inclusion petrography and microthermometry, and C, H, O and S isotope studies to uncover the genesis of Pb–Zn vein-type mineralization in North Pulang. As a result, three types of Pb–Zn veins were identified: a quartz–pyrrhotite–chalcopyrite–sphalerite–galena vein, a quartz–pyrrhotite–sphalerite–galena vein, and a calcite–quartz–pyrrhotite–galena vein. All fluid inclusions in the quartz from different veins are liquid-rich inclusions, with homogenization temperatures in the range of 184 °C–235 °C and salinities between 10.4 wt.% and 17.8 wt.% NaCl eq., indicating that the Pb–Zn ore-forming fluid was a single-phase fluid with a low temperature and low-to-medium salinity. Hydrothermal quartz in different stages displays δDwater values ranging from −46.9‰ to −120.0‰ (V-SMOW), and the calculated δ18Owater values range from 2.4‰ to 4.3‰ (V-SMOW), implying that the mineralization fluids likely originated from magma, with a minor involvement of meteoric water. The δ13CCal values (−2.3‰ to −7.9‰ V-PDB) of calcite indicate that C likely originated from a deep-seated source. The δ34S values of chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite and sphalerite reveal that S was possibly derived from magmatic rocks. Based on the above data, it is suggested that the Pb–Zn mineralization in North Pulang was the result of the northward migration of ore-forming fluids that originated from South Pulang along the NE-trending structural fractures. A strong water–rock interaction occurred during the migration process. However, the involvement of meteoric water and accompanied cooling of fluids were most likely responsible for the precipitation of galena and sphalerite.

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Geology and geochronology of the Banchang distal Cu-Mo skarn deposit, Central China

Li,

Xie,

et al. 2024

Miner Deposita

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Remelting of a Neoproterozoic arc root: origin of the Pulang and Songnuo porphyry Cu deposits, Southwest China

Cited by 12 publications

References 148 publications

Apatite as a Record of Magmatic–Hydrothermal Evolution and Metallogenic Processes: The Case of the Hongshan Porphyry–Skarn Cu–Mo Deposit, SW China

Apatite as a Record of Magmatic–Hydrothermal Evolution and Metallogenic Processes: The Case of the Hongshan Porphyry–Skarn Cu–Mo Deposit, SW China

Genesis of Pb–Zn Mineralization in the Pulang Cu Polymetallic Deposit in Yunnan Province, China: Insights from Analyses of Geology, Fluid Inclusions and C–H–O–S Isotopes

Geology and geochronology of the Banchang distal Cu-Mo skarn deposit, Central China

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