Escalated industrialization, inappropriate waste management practices, mining, landfill operations, and application of sewage sludge have caused excess contamination of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. As a consequence, human beings pose serious threats to life-supporting resources, i.e., air, soil, and water. Heavy metals and pesticides are a special class of contaminants having wide variety of effects. When the contaminated lands are used for agriculture practices, contaminants like heavy metals and pesticides get transferred from soil to food chain which leads to bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Phytoremediation (a technique that exploits plants ability to lessen, eradicate, degrade, or immobilize the environmental contaminants, with the aim of restoring the contaminated area) is gaining advantage over other conventional treatment techniques being economical, environmentally sound, and aesthetically acceptable. Conventional approaches for cleanup and restoration of heavy metals and pesticides from contaminated environment have some unavoidable precincts like high cost and creation of secondary pollutants. Many aquatic and terrestrial plants such as Eichhornia,