Remediation of Thorium (IV) from Wastewater: Current Status and Way Forward

Aziman, Eli Syafiqah; Salehuddin, Ahmad Hayaton Jamely Mohd; Ismail, Aznan Fazli

doi:10.1080/15422119.2019.1639519

Cited by 46 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…In addition, thorium is also more abundant than uranium and can thus satisfy the world energy demands for a longer time. According to worldwide statistics, the total confirmed uranium reserves were estimated at 7 million tons, while the projected thorium reserves were approximately 10 million tons 1‐4 . As such, thorium is generally accepted as a technically viable alternative to uranium in light of a potentially severe uranium resource shortage in the event of nuclear power renaissance 1,2,5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neutronic investigation of tristructural isotropic‐duplex fuel in a high‐temperature reactor prismatic seed‐and‐blanket fuel block configuration with reduced power peaking

2021

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Summary This paper presents the neutronic analysis of a tristructural isotropic (TRISO)‐duplex fuel loaded into the high‐temperature reactor (HTR) prismatic fuel block designs for a seed‐and‐blanket (S&B) reactor model. The selected fuel block design is the simplified model of a representative fuel configuration for the gas turbine–module helium reactor (GT‐MHR) and high‐temperature engineering test reactor (HTTR). The duplex fuel pellet comprises of UO2 as the seed and ThO2 as the blanket and uses the TRISO fuels. Monte Carlo N‐particle extended (MCNPX) simulations were conducted to analyze the power and neutron flux distributions of the reference fuel block and that of the TRIOS‐loaded duplex fuel designs. Standard neutronic parameters were computed, such as burnup‐dependent infinite multiplication factors (kinf), average block spectrum, and fissile inventory. It was discovered that while the S&B model could attain the highest burnup and the longest cycle duration, its power peaking was more than threefolds than that of the reference model at the beginning of the cycle (BOC). The results also show that the “Duplex‐2” model could reduce its power peaking by 24% through the integration of S&B arrangement with the duplex rods. It is noted that spatial distribution of the UO2 seed and 235U enrichment are the chief determining factors in the power optimization of the heterogeneous HTR prismatic fuel blocks loaded with thorium.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neutronic investigation of tristructural isotropic‐duplex fuel in a high‐temperature reactor prismatic seed‐and‐blanket fuel block configuration with reduced power peaking

2021

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“…Thorium is one of the few fertile elements used in a nuclear power plant. In fact, thorium fuel cycle was initially pursued to prevent natural uranium shortages in the event of a projected rapid growth in nuclear power 26‐28 . This is due to the amount of naturally existing thorium is excessively more abundant than uranium with the total confirmed uranium reserve worldwide was estimated at 7 million tons while speculated thorium reserves was about 10 million tons.…”

Section: Thorium‐fueled Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to the amount of naturally existing thorium is excessively more abundant than uranium with the total confirmed uranium reserve worldwide was estimated at 7 million tons while speculated thorium reserves was about 10 million tons. Therefore, there should be sufficient thorium available to meet the increasing demand for energy worldwide 27,28 . In addition, uranium supply was expected to be depleted within 80 years unless new sources of uranium, such as seawater uranium, could economically be extractable 29,30 .…”

Section: Thorium‐fueled Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the microheterogeneous thoria‐urania fuel for micro‐sized high temperature reactors

2020

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Summary This paper presents a systematic review of the micro‐modular thorium‐fueled high temperature reactors (HTR) loaded with duplex fuel pellet design. Specifically, each unique criterion of the design is discussed separately in an attempt to understand the combined advantages of the proposed reactor. Micro modular HTRs have great potential as a source of electricity or industrial heat in the future. The use of thorium not only improves its economic performance and safety, but also prolongs its operation. Nevertheless, the traditional seed‐and‐blanket configuration would not be able to maximize the thorium fuel burnup. As such, a new tristructural‐isotopic (TRISO) fuel based on duplex pellet designs were proposed instead. It should be noted that these duplex pellets were not practical for pressurized water reactor (PWR) technology due to its uneven power distribution which possibly leads to a very high local pellet temperature. However, this unorthodox inherent characteristics of the duplex pellets may actually suit the HTR burnup profile better due to its substantially higher thermal margin ‐ thus possibly enabling a relatively long operation of the HTR. The paper shall thereby provide a reasonably sound justification for the detailed technical investigations of the proposed reactor design.

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“…A combination of technologies was recommended for AMD treatment and the recovery of valuable products. Technologies in thorium removal from wastewater were reviewed, and their strengths and weaknesses were evaluated (Aziman, Mohd Salehuddin, & Ismail, 2019). Although other technologies are widely used, the electrosorption process demonstrated great promise in treating AMD due to its high efficiency.…”

Section: Mine Drainage Remediation Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mine drainage: Remediation technology and resource recovery

Viadero

Zhang

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

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Drainage from current and historic mining operations remains a persistent environmental problem. Numerous research and development efforts were made in 2019 with a goal to minimize the impact of mine drainage on the environment, while other research endeavors addressed the mine drainage issue from a different perspective, where mine drainage was considered a resource for water and valuable products, such as metals, sulfuric acid, and rare earth elements. Thus, this review has two main sections: (a) focusing on research efforts in mine drainage remediation technology, and (b) emphasizing advances in resource recovery from mine drainage. The first section covers traditional and emerging passive and active treatment technologies. The second section summarizes resource recovery efforts using various technologies, such as selective precipitation, membrane process, and biological systems.

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Remediation of Thorium (IV) from Wastewater: Current Status and Way Forward

Cited by 46 publications

References 138 publications

A neutronic investigation of tristructural isotropic‐duplex fuel in a high‐temperature reactor prismatic seed‐and‐blanket fuel block configuration with reduced power peaking

A neutronic investigation of tristructural isotropic‐duplex fuel in a high‐temperature reactor prismatic seed‐and‐blanket fuel block configuration with reduced power peaking

Review of the microheterogeneous thoria‐urania fuel for micro‐sized high temperature reactors

Mine drainage: Remediation technology and resource recovery

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