“…ISCO has been increasingly regarded as a relevant alternative to conventional treatment technologies for remediation of groundwater and soils contaminated by recalcitrant organic contaminants (Watts and Teel, 2006), including PAHs (Rivas, 2006;Sirguey et al, 2008). The most commonly used oxidants include permanganate (MnO 4 ), Fenton's reagent (hydrogen peroxide and Fe 2+ ) (Ferrarese et al, 2008;Laurent et al, 2012;Pardo et al, 2014), ozone (Rivas et al, 2009), and sodium persulfate (PS) (Mora et al, 2014). These oxidants can effectively transform target contaminants in soil or water into harmless products, such as CO 2 and H 2 O (Chen et al, 2009).…”