Remediation of PAH spiked soils: Concentrated H2O2 treatment/continuous hot water extraction–oxidation

Effect of acidification and modified Fenton treatment on a contaminated harbour sediment

“…When oxidant was employed, a lower final pH value was observed, indicating the formation of acid species in the oxidised samples. The reduction of pH during oxidation treatments is attributed to the generation of acid species such as CO 2 , H + , carboxylic and β-keto acids that is usual in oxidation treatments [12,17].…”

“…*Corresponding author. Email: roberta.mecozzi@gmail.com 154 R. Mecozzi et al The application of concentrated H 2 O 2 solutions in the presence of Fe-containing minerals proved to be effective in the remediation of soils contaminated by different pollutants [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], providing a highly reactive matrix made of different species with the potential to transform a wide range of organic contaminants [14]. In particular, the hydroxyl radical is capable of non-selectively oxidising a variety of organic contaminants.…”

Selection of oxidant doses for in situ chemical oxidation of soils contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): A review

“…Similarly, soil organic matter content is often measured but also seldom considered in oxidant dose selection. Moreover, even if TOC is the most common indicator (Figure 3), it may have been quantified by a number of methods [244]: dry combustion at 440 °C [94], 680 °C [47] or 900 °C [41,49,50,56,57,163,203,240,241], wet oxidation with dichromate [205,[234][235][236][237] or a mix of both methods [54]. The measurement method may be not specified [30,150,194,206,213,216,221,222,232,233].…”

“…The reactors were often mechanically shaken -with orbital [30,216,229], vertical [36], horizontal [238], end-over-end rotating [222,241] or unspecified shakers [32,39,41,42,50,53,57,223,225,231,233,237] -at speeds from 150 to 500 rpm or from 26 to 30 rpm for end-over-end rotating shakers. Some oxidations were conducted under magnetic stirring [51,163,196,206,213,215], periodically manually shaken [51,54,163] or not shaken at all [230,232,236]. In some cases, the shaking method was not described [47,49,56,94,150,194,224,226] or it has not even been specified whether agitation was performed [203,205,207,217,221,227,23...…”

Decontamination of soils containing PAHs by electroremediation: A review

“…Nevertheless, as a result of PAHs properties the main techniques used to PAHs decontamination are based on physical-chemical technologies. Thus, PAHs decontamination is leaching remediation as surfactant solubilisation, solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and hot water extraction [7][8][9].…”