Remediation of Deep Soil Contamination Using Thermal Vacuum Wells

Vinegar, H.J.; E.P., de; Menotti, J.L.; Coles, J.M.; Stegemeier, G.L.; Sheldon, R.B.; Edelstein, W.A.

doi:10.2523/39291-ms

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…TerraTherm demonstrated thermal wells for the heating and extraction of hydrocarbon contaminants from beneath a building in Eugene, Oregon (Vinegar et al, 1997). A total of 761 thermal wells were installed at a former railroad bulk fuel loading terminal, including 100 wells installed through a concrete floor under a building to remediate total petroleum hydrocarbons.…”

Section: In Situ Thermal Desorption Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The underground region in the vicinity of the drums was heated with thermal wells. In tests with normal drums, the rubber seals at the bungs started to leak after reaching only 10 psi of pressure at a temperature well below 100°C, thereby slowly releasing the organic fluids (Vinegar et al, 1997). However, in a test to see what would happen if there were no rubber seals, the bungs were welded on new, 30-gal steel drums to prevent leakage.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…TerraTherm's mobile processing unit consists of a particulate cyclone separator and flameless thermal oxidizer operating at 1,000°C. Water vapor and any trace amounts of organic compounds that are not destroyed in the thermal oxidizer are passed through the Activated Carbon Adsorber before being vented to the atmosphere (Vinegar et al 1997).Contaminants released by the heat cannot migrate outside the heated zone during ISTD treatment because the vacuum system collects all heated vapor and even vapors from the region outside the heated zone, either above ( most likely from natural convection) or below. The permeability of the soil exceeds its thermal conductivity, particularly for clayey soils that shrink when heated.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A 4,800-ft 2 area, 1.5 ft deep, with PCB concentrations ranging up to 5,212 ppm, was remediated to less than 2 ppm with 99.99999% of the PCBs destroyed (Sheldon et al 1996). Table 5 compares TerraTherm's remediation results for the eight sites listed above.The first field demonstration of the TerraTherm thermal well system was the remediation of PCBs at the Cape Girardeau Missouri Electric Works Superfund Site in southeast Missouri (Vinegar, et. al.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Operable Unit 7-13/14 in situ thermal desorption treatability study work plan

Shaw¹,

Nickelson²,

Hyde³

1999

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This Work Plan provides technical details for conducting a treatability study that will evaluate the application of in situ thermal desorption (ISTD) to landfill waste at the Subsurface Disposal Area (SDA) at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). ISTD is a form of thermally enhanced vapor vacuum extraction that heats contaminated soil and waste underground to raise its temperature and thereby vaporize and destroy most organics. An aboveground vapor vacuum collection and treatment system then destroys or absorbs the remaining organics and vents carbon dioxide and water to the atmosphere. The technology is a byproduct of an advanced oil-well thermal extraction program. The purpose of the ISTD treatability study is to fill performance-based data gaps relative to off-gas system performance, administrative feasibility, effects of the treatment on radioactive contaminants, worker safety during mobilization and demobilization, and effects of landfill type waste on the process (time to remediate, subsidence potential, underground fires, etc.). By performing this treatability study, uncertainties associated with ISTD as a selected remedy will be reduced, providing a better foundation of remedial recommendations and ultimate selection of remedial actions for the SDA. SUMMARYThis Work Plan provides technical details for conducting a treatability study to determine the effectiveness, implementability, and cost of applying in situ thermal desorption (ISTD) to subsurface waste at the Subsurface Disposal Area (SDA) at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). The SDA falls under the jurisdiction of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA, 42 USC § 9601 et seq.). ISTD is one of several treatment options identified in the addendum to the Work Plan for the Operable Unit (OU) 7-13/14 Waste Area Group 7 Comprehensive Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS). The purpose of this treatability study is to fill performance-based data gaps relative to ISTD. By performing the ISTD treatability study, uncertainties associated with selecting remedies will be reduced. Therefore, a better foundation will be provided for remedial recommendations and the ultimate selection of remedial actions for the SDA.The overall objective of the ISTD treatability study is to provide sufficient data to evaluate ISTD either as a pretreatment to some other technology or as a long-term in situ disposal option at the SDA. The ISTD Treatability Study Work Plan provides the technical details for conducting the tests, managed through a graded risk approach. The current study will take place in three phases: lab-scale (radioactive), field-scale (nonradioactive), and field-scale (radioactive). The nonradioactive field-scale test will use comparable matrices with surrogates in place of hazardous and radiological contaminants. If the results of this phase are sufficiently encouraging, the technology will then be tested at a radioactive site containing a...

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Section: In Situ Thermal Desorption Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Operable Unit 7-13/14 in situ thermal desorption treatability study work plan

Shaw¹,

Nickelson²,

Hyde³

1999

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Geothermal Fluids in Porous Media

Bian

Cheng

2015

Handbook of Clean Energy Systems

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Geothermal energy is clean and renewable. It is important to understand the fundamental mechanisms and basic approaches to measure the parameters of fluids (steam and water) flowing in porous media. In this article, the techniques for measuring slip factor of steam, steam‐water relative permeability, and steam‐water capillary pressure were addressed. Also included were the mathematical models to calculate these parameters.

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Gas Slippage in Two-Phase Flow and the Effect of Temperature

Horne

2001

SPE Western Regional Meeting

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractGas slippage in single-phase gas flow (Klinkenberg Effect) has been investigated extensively. Few papers, however, have been published on the gas slippage in gas-liquid two-phase flow. The gas relative permeabilities at water saturations close to the residual value have been found to be significantly greater than one in both nitrogen-water and steam-water flow through rocks. These values became less than one after the calculation was calibrated by taking the two-phase gas slip effect into consideration. The gas relative permeabilities have been measured at different mean pore pressures and the values of two-phase gas slip factor have been computed at different water saturations. The effects of temperature on both nitrogen and steam slip factors have also been studied and compared. These data have then been used to conduct a calibration in order to obtain intrinsic gas relative permeabilities that do not vary with the test pressures. It has been found from the present work that neglecting the two-phase gas slip effect may overestimate gas relative permeabilities. It is the intrinsic gas relative permeabilities instead of those measured at low test pressure that should be utilized in numerical simulation or other reservoir engineering calculation.

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Remediation of Deep Soil Contamination Using Thermal Vacuum Wells

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Operable Unit 7-13/14 in situ thermal desorption treatability study work plan

Operable Unit 7-13/14 in situ thermal desorption treatability study work plan

Geothermal Fluids in Porous Media

Gas Slippage in Two-Phase Flow and the Effect of Temperature

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