Remediating Ground Water with Zero‐Valent Metals: Chemical Considerations in Barrier Design

Tratnyek, Paul G.; Johnson, T. W.; Scherer, Michelle M.; Eykholt, Gerald R.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1997.tb01270.x

Cited by 109 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It has been typically observed that zero valent iron degradation of [ Gillham and O'Hannesin, 1994;ET1 Ref. : 3 1054.10;SRT-ESS-96-365;Tratnyek, et. al., 1997; EPA/600/F-97/008; O'Hannesin and Gillham, 19981 Approximately 10 percent of the carbon tetrachloride (CT) mass appears in solution as the intermediate degradation product chloroform (TCM).…”

Section: Zero Valent Iron Enhanced Abiotic Degradation Overvienmentioning

confidence: 99%

TNX GeoSiphon Cell (TGSC-1) Phase I Deployment/Demonstration Final Report

Phifer¹,

Sappington²,

Denham³

1998

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Section: Zero Valent Iron Enhanced Abiotic Degradation Overvienmentioning

confidence: 99%

TNX GeoSiphon Cell (TGSC-1) Phase I Deployment/Demonstration Final Report

Phifer¹,

Sappington²,

Denham³

1998

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“…Thus, we can see from the Table 1 that benzene has the most potential to desorption from the bed surface with highest vapor pressure and lowest soil-air portion co-efficient. The VOCs reduction could be occurred by several reduction pathways on the coated beds in presence of Fe 0 and Cu 2 O (Lai et al, 2014;Tratnyek et al, 1997) (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Results and Discussion Elimination Of The Btxsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BTXs Removal with Transition Metals Coated Beds, Considering the Plausible Reaction Mechanisms

Rostami¹,

Jafari²

2015

J. of Environmental Science and Technology

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In this study, a natural zeolite (i.e., Clinoptilolite) was used as bed of a lab scale packed tower. The bed was coated with two transition metals nano-scale particles (i.e., Fe 0 and Cu 2 O). Each coated metal to bed ratio was 4.6 wt.% and the experiments were conducted in air flow of 1 L minG 1 and temperature of 200°C. The results showed up to 83.83% of BTX (benzene, toluene and xylene) removal for Fe 0 and respectively 32.0 and 56.98% for Cu 2 O and combined Fe 0 -Cu 2 O coated beds. However, the pollutants mineralization/elimination ratio on the combined metals coated bed, with up to 0.83, was greater than the remains which were 0.58 and 0.37 in order for Fe 0 and Cu 2 O coated beds.

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“…Reductive destruction of chlorinated solvents in water has been a very active research area since Gillham and O'Hannesin [2] showed that metallic iron filings could be utilized in passive groundwater remediation schemes [2][3][4][5][6]. In this process, the zerovalent iron serves as an electron donor to reductively dechlorinate the halocarbons to their nonchlorinated analogs and chloride ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility study for reductive destruction of carbon tetrachloride using bare and polymer coated nickel electrodes

Wang

Farrell

2005

J Appl Electrochem

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This research investigated the feasibility of an electrochemical reductive dechlorination method for removing carbon tetrachloride (CT) from contaminated waters. Reaction rates and Faradaic current efficiencies were measured for CT dechlorination in small flow-through reactors utilizing bare and silicone polymer coated nickel cathodes. CT dechlorination resulted in near stoichiometric production of methane. Rates of CT reduction were found to follow a first-order kinetic model for all CT concentrations investigated. CT disappearance was limited by its reaction rate, and the performance of the reactor could be approximated with an ideal plug-flow reactor model. Destruction half-life values for CT with the bare nickel electrode ranged from 3.5 to 5.8 min for electrode potentials ranging from )652 to )852 mV with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). The apparent electron transfer coefficient for CT reduction was only 0.06. The low transfer coefficient can be attributed to oxides coating the electrode surface that contributed to mass transfer resistance for CT reduction. Faradaic current efficiencies for CT reduction were found to decline with decreasing electrode potential. This can be attributed to an electron transfer coefficient for water reduction of 0.33 that was significantly greater than that for CT reduction. Faradaic current efficiencies could be increased by 100-360% by coating the electrode with a silicone polymer. In addition to decreasing the rate of water reduction by acting as hydrophobic mass transfer barrier, the polymer coating resulted in small increases in CT reaction rates. The energy cost per volume of water treated was strongly dependent on the electrode potential, but only weakly dependent on the influent CT concentration over the range of practical interest. The energy costs for reductive dechlorination appear to be lower than the carbon costs for adsorptive treatment of CT. This indicates that low current efficiencies at low CT concentrations are not a significant obstacle for developing a practical treatment process. The main impediment to electrochemical treatment for removing CT from water is the slow reaction rate that requires large reactors for obtaining sufficient hydraulic detention time to meet effluent water standards.

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Remediating Ground Water with Zero‐Valent Metals: Chemical Considerations in Barrier Design

Cited by 109 publications

References 13 publications

TNX GeoSiphon Cell (TGSC-1) Phase I Deployment/Demonstration Final Report

TNX GeoSiphon Cell (TGSC-1) Phase I Deployment/Demonstration Final Report

BTXs Removal with Transition Metals Coated Beds, Considering the Plausible Reaction Mechanisms

Feasibility study for reductive destruction of carbon tetrachloride using bare and polymer coated nickel electrodes

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