Remedial Investigation Report: White Phosphorus Contamination of Salt Marsh Sediments at Eagle River Flats, Alaska

Racine, Charles H.; Walsh, Marianne E.; Collins, Charles M.; Taylor, Susan; Roebuck, Bill D.; Reitsma, Leonard R.; Steele, Benjamin B.

doi:10.21236/ada250515

Cited by 9 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Investigations have proven that annual waterfowl dieoff at ERF is due to ingestion of white phosphorous (WP) particles introduced into shallow pond sediments by WP munitions training (Racine et al 1992(Racine et al , 1993. The U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) was actively involved in these investigations and later conducted a demonstration to investigate the feasibility of remediating WP-contaminated sediment.…”

Section: Eagle River Flats (Erf) Ak Dredging Demonstrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predominant vegetation in the general vicinity where the dredging was conducted is tall coarse sedge and bulrush. The sediment consists of silts and clays with high organic content (Racine et al 1993). Figure 60 is a photograph of a portion of the ERF general dredging area.…”

Section: Eagle River Flats (Erf) Ak Dredging Demonstrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maximum depth at which WP was found in a sediment core was 20 cm (8 in.) (Racine et al 1993). A number of WP remediation processes (removal and in situ) were underway at ERF (Walsh et al 1994).…”

Section: Eagle River Flats (Erf) Ak Dredging Demonstrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dredging in Sediments Containing Munitions and Explosives of Concern (MEC)

Welp¹,

Follett²,

Crull³

et al. 2008

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This document provides guidance to personnel (e.g., planners, cost estimators, specification writers, engineers, managers, and dredging contractors) involved in dredging projects with sediment containing Munitions and Explosives of Concern (MEC). The guidance is primarily in the form of compiled information gained from experiences on past dredging projects involving MEC and was compiled from a variety of sources. This report describes the different types of dredges and dredging projects that can encounter MEC, describes how these dredges' operational methodologies can be impacted by MEC, and summarizes past project methodology modifications that have been used to deal with MEC. Technical aspects of past MEC/dredging projects are presented with regard to engineering controls to mitigate detonation hazards, underwater MEC detection and discrimination technologies, contracting, public awareness, safety requirements, and MEC separation techniques and (where available) subsequent impacts on production rates and costs.

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Section: Eagle River Flats (Erf) Ak Dredging Demonstrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eagle River Flats (Erf) Ak Dredging Demonstrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dredging in Sediments Containing Munitions and Explosives of Concern (MEC)

Welp¹,

Follett²,

Crull³

et al. 2008

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“…During the early 1980s, waterfowl die-offs in the Flats were reported and investigated by post and outside agencies (Tweten 1989). hi 1990, the cause of the die-offs was determined to be the presence of white phosphorus (Racine et al 1991(Racine et al ,1993. In 1993, feasibility studies were begun on methods to remediate the Flats.…”

Section: Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the sedge marsh are scattered, small open-water ponds. This low area of pond and sedge marsh is in turn surrounded by a higher-elevation vegetated mudflat area of Ramenski sedge meadow (Racine et al 1993). This Ramenski sedge meadow consists of fmegrained (mostly clay with some silt) cohesive soil with sparse to dense low-sedge vegetation.…”

Section: Excavationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Military Demolition Explosives in a Remediation Project

Walsh¹,

Collins²,

Meeks³

et al. 2003

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Uptake and loss of white phosphorus in american kestrels

Nam

Roebuck

Walsh

1994

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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American kestrels (Falco sparverius) exposed to a diet containing white phosphorus (P4) had detectable quantities of P4 only in their fatty tissues. As early as 24 h postdosing, P4 was found in the fat depots and skin but not in other tissues such as the brain, heart, intestine, liver, kidney, and muscle. After 7 d of continuous exposure to P4‐containing diet (6.4 μg P4 per gram of diet), the skin but not fat depots showed significant accumulation of P4. When P4‐containing diet (6.4 μg P4 per gram of diet) was fed for 2 d followed by 3 d of feeding a diet containing less P4 (0.7 μg P4 per gram of diet), P4 was not detectable in the tissues. Upon refeeding with the higher dietary concentration of P4, P4 was again detectable in skin and fat. This cyclic dosing regimen indicates that tissue levels are sensitive to dietary levels of P4.

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Remedial Investigation Report: White Phosphorus Contamination of Salt Marsh Sediments at Eagle River Flats, Alaska

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Dredging in Sediments Containing Munitions and Explosives of Concern (MEC)

Dredging in Sediments Containing Munitions and Explosives of Concern (MEC)

Use of Military Demolition Explosives in a Remediation Project

Uptake and loss of white phosphorus in american kestrels

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