Remarks on the geothermal research in the region of Monte Amiata (Tuscany — Italy)

Cataldi, R.

doi:10.1007/bf02597673

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…We also suggest, more tentatively, that porphyry copper de- Vapor-dominated systems of high gas content, previously discussed, have recently been discovered from 3 to 10 km south and southwest of the major Monte Amiata mercury mine (Burgassi and others, 1965;Cataldi, 1967), the largest Italian mercury deposit. We also suggest, more tentatively, that porphyry copper de- Vapor-dominated systems of high gas content, previously discussed, have recently been discovered from 3 to 10 km south and southwest of the major Monte Amiata mercury mine (Burgassi and others, 1965;Cataldi, 1967), the largest Italian mercury deposit.…”

Section: Speculations Relating Vapor-dominated Systems and Ore Depositssupporting

confidence: 72%

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Vapor-dominated hydrothermal systems compared with hot-water systems

White¹,

Muffler²,

Truesdell³

1971

Economic Geology

503

218

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Vapor-dominated ("dry-steam") geothermal systems are uncommon and poorly understood compared with hot-water systems. Critical physical data on both types were obtained from U.S. Geological Survey research in Yellowstone Park. Vapor-dominated systems require relatively potent heat supplies and low initial permeability. After an early hot-water stage, a system becomes vapor dominated when net discharge starts to exceed recharge. Steam then boils from a declining water table; some steam escapes to the atmosphere, but most condenses below the surface, where its heat of vaporization can be conducted upward. The main vapor-dominated reservoir actually is a two-phase heat-transfer system. Vapor boiled from the deep (brine?) water table flows upward; most liquid condensate flows down to the water table, but some may be swept out with steam in channels of principal upflow. Liquid water favors small pores and channels because of its high surface tension relative to that of steam. Steam is largely excluded from smaller spaces'but greatly dominates the larger channels and discharge from wells. With time, permeability of water-recharge channels, initially low, becomes still lower because of deposition of carbonates and CaSO 4, which decrease in solubility with temperature. The "lid" on the system consists in part of argillized rocks and CO2-saturated condensate. Our model of vapor-dominated systems and the thermodynamic properties of steam provide the keys for understanding why the major reservoirs of The Geysers, California, and Larderello, Italy, have rather uniform reservoir temperatures near 240 ø C and pressures near 34 kg/cm • (absolute; gases other than H•.O increase the pressures).Local supply of pore liquid and great stored heat of solid phases account for the physical characteristics and the high productivity of steam wells.We suggest that vapor-dominated systems provide a good mechanism for separating volatile mercury from all other metals of lower volatility. Mercury is likely to be enriched in the vapor of these systems; the zone of condensation that surrounds the uniform reservoir is attractive for precipitating HgS.A more speculative suggestion is that porphyry copper deposits form below the deep water tables hypothesized for the vapor-dominated systems. Some enigmatic characteristics of these copper deposits are consistent with such a relationship, and warrant consideration and testing. • Publication authorized by the Director, U.S. Geologlcal Survey. 75 than a hundred meters or so •' and near centers of surface activity were found to yield slightly superheated steam (Burgassi, 1964). Some wells on the borders of the active systems * produced hot water •-The metric system is used throughout this paper. Some readers may find useful the following conversion factors: Length: 1 m = 3281 ft; 1 km= 3,281 ft ----0.6214 mi. Temperature: (øC X 9/5) + 32 = øF. Pressure: 1 kg/cm • = 0.9678 atto --0.9807 bars --14.22 psi. All pressures absolute, with 0.78 kg/cm • added to gage pressure for Yellow.stone Park, an(} 1.03 kg/...

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Section: Speculations Relating Vapor-dominated Systems and Ore Depositssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…kg/cm •' and gas contents of the vapor were as high as 96 percent, but reported temperatures did not exceed about 150 ø C(Burgassi, 1964; Burgassi and others, 1965;Cataldi, 1967). Pressures and gas contents of the vapor decreased rapidly with pro-…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vapor-dominated hydrothermal systems compared with hot-water systems

White¹,

Muffler²,

Truesdell³

1971

Economic Geology

503

218

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“…Geothermal exploitation at Amiata volcano started in 1959 (Cataldi, 1965), when the uplifted evaporites were first perched by wells at depths generally smaller than 1000 m. For over one year the wells produced a fluid with over 80% of CO 2 , which subsequently evolved to be H 2 O dominated. In this process, the fluid pressure within the traps decreased on the SW side (Bagnore geothermal field) of the volcano from about 2 MPa to about 0.5 MPa, while on the SE side (Piancastagnaio…”

Section: Geothermal Exploitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faults strengthening and seismicity induced by geothermal exploitation on a spreading volcano, Mt. Amiata, Italia

Mazzoldi

Borgia²,

Ripepe

et al. 2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…No eruptive activity was observed during historical times, but important geothermal anomalies remain. One such anomaly is presently being used at the vapor-dominated field of El Bagnore (Calamai and others, 1970;Cataldi, 1967 Scharpenseel and Pietig (1969) and Hassko and others (1974).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Possible Source of Error in ¹⁴C Dates: Volcanic Emanations (Examples from the Monte Amiata District, Provinces of Grosseto and Sienna, Italy)

Saupé¹,

Strappa²,

Coppens³

et al. 1980

Radiocarbon

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Remarks on the geothermal research in the region of Monte Amiata (Tuscany — Italy)

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

Vapor-dominated hydrothermal systems compared with hot-water systems

Vapor-dominated hydrothermal systems compared with hot-water systems

Faults strengthening and seismicity induced by geothermal exploitation on a spreading volcano, Mt. Amiata, Italia

A Possible Source of Error in ¹⁴C Dates: Volcanic Emanations (Examples from the Monte Amiata District, Provinces of Grosseto and Sienna, Italy)

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Remarks on the geothermal research in the region of Monte Amiata (Tuscany — Italy)

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

Vapor-dominated hydrothermal systems compared with hot-water systems

Vapor-dominated hydrothermal systems compared with hot-water systems

Faults strengthening and seismicity induced by geothermal exploitation on a spreading volcano, Mt. Amiata, Italia

A Possible Source of Error in 14C Dates: Volcanic Emanations (Examples from the Monte Amiata District, Provinces of Grosseto and Sienna, Italy)

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A Possible Source of Error in ¹⁴C Dates: Volcanic Emanations (Examples from the Monte Amiata District, Provinces of Grosseto and Sienna, Italy)