Abstract. During two periods of studies (1980-1981 and 2012-2013), 31 species of tabanids were identified belonging to 16 genera on Marambaia Island, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Esenbeckia lugubris (Macquart), Phaeotabanus cajennensis (Fabricius), Tabanus claripennis (Bigot), Tabanus discus Wiedemann and Tabanus pungens Wiedemann are recorded for the first time in Rio de Janeiro state. Geographical and behavior data of the recorded species are also presented.