Remarkably reducing carbon loss and H2 consumption on Ni–Ga intermetallic compounds in deoxygenation of methyl esters to hydrocarbons

Effects of metal promoters in bimetallic catalysts in hydrogenolysis of lignin derivatives into value‐added chemicals

“…In general, the geometric effect is always accompanied by the electronic effect to improve the catalytic performance in biomass conversion over the bimetallic catalysts [38,92] . For example, Ni 3 Ga/SiO 2 catalyst exhibited higher benzene yield in the HDO of anisole and remarkably reduced H 2 consumption in comparison with the Ni/SiO 2 catalyst, which was mainly attributed to the geometric and electronic effect between Ni and Ga metals, [93] from which a charge transfer from Ga to Ni increased the electron density of Ni, while the Ni ensembles became smaller due to the isolation of Ga. That result was consistent with Zhao et al [94] . they illustrated that the geometric and electronic effect of Ga atoms promoted the suppression of C−O cleavage and decrease of H 2 consumption.…”

Fabrication of a NiFe Alloy Oxide Catalyst via Surface Reconstruction for Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Fatty Acid to Fatty Alcohol

“…The Fe sites were more favorable than Ni sites to be adsorbed on. But the aldehyde tended to adsorb with the η 2 (C, O) configuration as proposed before . The ketonic oxygen of aldehyde adsorbed on the Fe site and the α-C adsorbed on the adjacent two atoms form the bridge configuration when the number of O atoms on the surface was four or less than four.…”

“…In general, fatty alcohols were lost mainly through the decarbonylation to form alkanes as depicted schematically in Figure . , It is considered that the η 1 (C)-acyl configuration on the metal surface tends to produce CO and hydrocarbon with one C less than the source fatty acid. Thus, to increase the selectivity to fatty alcohols, adsorption configuration should be controlled at or before η 2 (C, O)-aldehyde to avoid the formation of η 1 (C)-acyl configuration . It was demonstrated that the oxygenation pretreatment on metallic site resulted in a more favorable surface for the production of acetone from 2-propanol .…”

“…But the aldehyde tended to adsorb with the η 2 (C, O) configuration as proposed before. 63 The ketonic oxygen of aldehyde adsorbed on the Fe site and the α-C adsorbed on the adjacent two atoms form the bridge configuration when the number of O atoms on the surface was four or less than four. Since there were no enough adjacent metal atoms that were exposed for the 8O/NiFe surface, α-C had to adsorb on the O atom of the surface.…”

“…Thus, to increase the selectivity to fatty alcohols, adsorption configuration should be controlled at or before η 2 (C, O)aldehyde to avoid the formation of η 1 (C)-acyl configuration. 63 It was demonstrated that the oxygenation pretreatment on metallic site resulted in a more favorable surface for the production of acetone from 2-propanol. 66 A similar reaction mechanism made it possible for the oxygenation treatment to play a similar role in the HDO of fatty acid.…”