Remarkable Predominance of a Small Number of Genotypes in Greenhouse Populations of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>

Bardin, Marc; Decognet, Véronique; Nicot, Philippe C.

doi:10.1094/phyto-10-13-0271-r

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…On tomato plants, B. cinerea sporulates on leaves, stems or fruits and the spores are easily disseminated by air currents and by the frequent technical interventions necessitated by this crop. As this often coincides with favourable microclimatic conditions for disease development, this allows for successive cycles of inoculum production to occur in the greenhouse (Dik & Wubben, ; Decognet et al ., ; Bardin et al ., ). Indeed, in the experimental greenhouse in the present study, sporulating lesions were observed on aerial parts of about 11% of tomato plants during the growing period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both lettuce and tomato plants are likely to have been exposed to airborne inoculum entering from outside the greenhouse. Exchange of air between the inside and the outside of a greenhouse can occur regularly through vents (Leyronas et al, 2011), and Bardin et al (2014) have recently shown that the contribution of external inoculum was non-negligible. In addition to airborne inoculum, the plants may have been confronted with soilborne inoculum, with a greater impact on lettuce whose foliage quickly covers the soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This fungus may produce several million spores in a few days on diseased plants when conditions are favourable (Nicot et al, 1996). These spores are easily dispersed by air currents (Jarvis, 1962;Harrison & Lowe, 1987) and may cause rapid development of epidemics (Decognet et al, 2009;Bardin et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing host specialization ofBotrytis cinereaon lettuce and tomato by genotypic and phenotypic characterization

et al. 2014

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This study tested the hypothesis that Botyrtis cinerea shows host specialization on tomato and lettuce, using phenotypic and genotypic tools. Strains were isolated from tomato and lettuce grown together in the same greenhouse. Forty‐four lettuce strains and 42 tomato strains were investigated for their genetic diversity and their aggressiveness. Both gene diversity and allelic richness were significantly higher in lettuce strains than in tomato strains (P = 0·01). Cluster analysis revealed a clear division of the strains under study into two clusters. However, this structure did not separate the strains according to their host of origin. Tomato strains were significantly more aggressive than lettuce strains when inoculated on tomatoes (P = 0·001), but no significant differences in aggressiveness were observed when the strains were inoculated on lettuce (P = 0·17) or on apple (P = 0·87). The results suggest an absence of clear host specialization of B. cinerea on tomato and lettuce.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing host specialization ofBotrytis cinereaon lettuce and tomato by genotypic and phenotypic characterization

et al. 2014

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“…The increase in the array of molecular techniques and computing technologies, offers endless possibilities of conducting mark-release-recapture experiments that allow tracking of inoculum sources during disease development and thus determines the inoculum origin (Bardin et al 2014;Sommerhalder et al 2010;Zhan et al 1998;Zhan and McDonald 2013). Mark-release-recapture experiments have been reported for the wheat pathogen Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Bennet et al 2007;Shah et al 1995) and other pathogens (Zhan and McDonald 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Contribution of Seed Tuber- and Soilborne Inoculum to Potato Disease Development and Changes in the Population Genetic Structure of Rhizoctonia solani AG 3-PT under Field Conditions in South Africa

et al. 2018

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Understanding the contribution of seed tuber-and soil-borne inocula of Rhizoctonia solani AG 3-PT in causing potato disease epidemics is an important step in implementing effective management strategies for the pathogen. A two-year study was conducted to evaluate the contribution of each source of inoculum using an integrative experimental approach combining field trials and molecular techniques. Two distinct sets of genetically-marked isolates were used as seed tuber-borne and soil-borne inocula in a mark-release-recapture experiment. Disease assessments were done during tuber initiation and at tuber harvest Both inoculuma sources were found to be equally important in causing black scurf disease, whereas soil-borne inocula appeared to be more important for root and stolon infection, and seed-borne inocula contributed more to stem canker. However, seed tuber transmitted genotypes accounted for 60% of the total recovered isolates when genotyped using three PCR-RFLP markers. The changes in population structure of the experimental 1 R. solani population over the course of the growing season and across two growing seasons were investigated using eight microsatellite markers. The populations at different sampling times were somewhat genetically differentiated as indicated by Nei's gene diversity (0.24 -0.27) and the fixation index (F ST ) . The proportion of isolates with genotypes that differed from the inoculants ranged from 13% to 16% in 2013 and 2014, respectively, suggesting the possibility of emergence of new genotypes in the field. Because both soilborne and tuber-borne inocula are critical, it is important to ensure the use of pathogen-free seed tubers to eliminate seed tuber-borne inoculum and the introduction of new genotypes of R. solani for sustainable potato production in South Africa.

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“…The absence of correlation between the abundance of soilborne inoculum before the planting of the lettuce crop and the incidence of grey mould at harvest suggests that other sources of inoculum may also have contributed to the epidemics in the two greenhouses. Air is one probable additional source of inoculum as it has been shown that exchange of inoculum can occur between the inside and the outside of a greenhouse through vents (Korolev et al ., ; Leyronas et al ., ; Bardin et al ., ). The airborne conidia deposited in the tunnels may have been collected by the mulch covering the soil and carried by sprinkler irrigation water to zones that retain humidity, such as the collar area of the plants and the underside of the basal leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Flow ofBotrytis cinereainoculum between lettuce crop and soil

Leyronas¹,

Duffaud²,

Pares

et al. 2014

Plant Pathology

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Botrytis cinerea causes grey mould, a disease common on many economically important crops. Although much attention is paid to the airborne inoculum of this fungus, as it sporulates abundantly in favourable conditions, knowledge on the abundance and genetic characteristics of soilborne inoculum could help improve control strategies. In this study, the soilborne inoculum of B. cinerea was quantified in two greenhouses at different times before and after the cultivation of four successive lettuce crops. Between 0 and 1177 colony-forming units (CFU) of B. cinerea per gram of soil were recorded. There was no significant correlation between abundance of soilborne inoculum and subsequent disease incidence on lettuce (P = 0Á11). Sixty-five isolates collected from diseased plants and 66 isolates collected from the soil were investigated for their genetic diversity. The soil strains showed lower genetic diversity than the lettuce strains when considering the unbiased gene diversity within the nine microsatellite loci, the mean number of alleles per locus and the haplotypic diversity. The genetic differentiation between lettuce and soil strains decreased over three successive lettuce crops. At the same time, the genetic structure of the two groups of strains tended to become similar. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of a flow of inoculum between the lettuce crop and the soil, and vice versa. The study shows that grey mould management should pay more attention to the inoculum of B. cinerea present in the soil.

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Remarkable Predominance of a Small Number of Genotypes in Greenhouse Populations of Botrytis cinerea

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Assessing host specialization ofBotrytis cinereaon lettuce and tomato by genotypic and phenotypic characterization

Assessing host specialization ofBotrytis cinereaon lettuce and tomato by genotypic and phenotypic characterization

Relative Contribution of Seed Tuber- and Soilborne Inoculum to Potato Disease Development and Changes in the Population Genetic Structure of Rhizoctonia solani AG 3-PT under Field Conditions in South Africa

Flow ofBotrytis cinereainoculum between lettuce crop and soil

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