Remarkable bathymetric change in the nearshore zone by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami: Kirinda Harbor, Sri Lanka

Goto, Kazuhisa; Takahashi, Joji; Oie, Takayuki; Imamura, Fumihiko

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.011

Cited by 68 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Tsunami waves propagating into shallow waters as well as related backwash flows can erode, transport and deposit significant amounts of sediments in the inner-shelf environment (e.g., Paris et al, 2010;Goto et al, 2011), here defined as 0 to 30 m water depth. The behavior of tsunami waves is controlled by the source earthquake or landslide and the ocean basin's morphology on a larger scale, and by the inner shelf and coastal bathymetry as well as the hydrological conditions on a local scale (Cheng and Weiss, 2013;Spiske et al, 2013;Goto et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash-flood deposits

Sakuna-Schwartz

Feldens

Schwarzer

et al. 2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Tsunami, storm and flash-flood event layers, which have been deposited over the last century on the shelf offshore Khao Lak (Thailand, Andaman Sea), are identified in sediment cores based on sedimentary structures, grain size compositions, Ti / Ca ratios and 210 Pb activity. Individual offshore tsunami deposits are 12 to 30 cm in thickness and originate from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. They are characterized by (1) the appearance of sand layers enriched in shells and shell debris and (2) the appearance of mud and sand clasts. Storm deposits found in core depths between 5 and 82 cm could be attributed to recent storm events by using 210 Pb profiles in conjunction with historical data of typhoons and tropical storms. Massive sand layers enriched in shells and shell debris characterize storm deposits. The last classified type of event layer represents reworked flash-flood deposits, which are characterized by a fining-upward sequence of muddy sediment. The most distinct difference between storm and tsunami deposits is the lack of mud and sand clasts, mud content and terrigenous material within storm deposits. Terrigenous material transported offshore during the tsunami backwash is therefore an important indicator to distinguish between storm and tsunami deposits in offshore environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash-flood deposits

Sakuna-Schwartz

Feldens

Schwarzer

et al. 2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…These events can have potentially large impacts on both the coastal zone and the continental shelf. As tsunami waves propagate into shallower water, they can erode, transport and deposit large amounts of sediments both onshore and offshore (e.g., Paris et al, 2010;Goto et al, 2011). Due to the number of processes involved (Shanmugam, 2011), tsunami deposits are very complex in terms of a number of characteristics, including grain size, sedimentary structures and sediment components (e.g., Luque et al, 2001;van den Bergh et al, 2003;Fujiwara and Kamataki, 2007;Kortekaas and Dawson, 2007;Noda et al, 2007;Paris et al, 2010;Chagué-Goff et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary deposits left by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on the inner continental shelf offshore of Khao Lak, Andaman Sea (Thailand)

Sakuna

Szczuciński

Feldens³

et al. 2012

Earth Planet Sp

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Tsunami waves leave sedimentary signatures both onshore and offshore, although the latter are hardly known. The objective of the present study is to provide new evidence for the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami deposits left on the inner continental shelf of the Andaman Sea (Thailand) and to identify diagnostic sedimentological and geochemical properties of these deposits. Based on extensive seafloor mapping, three sediment cores were selected for study and were analysed for their sedimentary structures, grain size composition, chemical elemental composition, physical properties and 210 Pb activity. Sediment cores retrieved from shallow water (9-15 m) within 7.5 km off the shore revealed distinct event layers, which were interpreted as being tsunami deposits. These 20-25 cm thick deposits were already covered with post-tsunami marine sediments. They were composed of several units, marine sand layers alternating with poorly sorted mud with terrigenous and anthropogenic components, representing different hydrodynamic conditions (probably during run-up and backwash phase). These sedimentological observations were supported by geochemical and physical data and were confirmed using 210 Pb dating. A sediment core taken from a depth of 57 m at a distance of 25 km offshore did not reveal clear event deposits. Comparisons with available data from offshore tsunami deposits showed that there is no single set of signatures that could be applied to identify this kind of deposits.

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“…The tsunami removed sediments from the sea bottom and beaches, and transported them landward and/or seaward. Consequently, severe coastal erosion occurred in those Indian Ocean countries (Kench et al, 2006;Choowong et al, 2009;Goto et al, 2011). In addition, fisheries and agricultural areas were damaged severely by seawater inundation or by burial under salty sediments (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dawson and Stewart, 2007). In fact, many researchers have examined tsunami deposits formed by the 2004 IOT and earlier deposits to investigate their sedimentary features (e.g., Moore et al, 2006;Szczuciński et al, 2006;Bahlburg and Weiss, 2007;Goto et al, 2007Goto et al, , 2008Hawkes et al, 2007;Hori et al, 2007;Umitsu et al, 2007;Choowong et al, 2008a, b;Fujino et al, 2008;Matsumoto et al, 2008;Morton et al, 2008), the recurrence interval of huge tsunami in the Indian Ocean (Jankaew et al, 2008;Monecke et al, 2008;Fujino et al, 2009), and the impact and recovery processes of the coastal geomorphology Goto et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami deposits thickness and their preservation potential, southwestern Thailand

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Remarkable bathymetric change in the nearshore zone by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami: Kirinda Harbor, Sri Lanka

Cited by 68 publications

References 60 publications

Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash-flood deposits

Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash-flood deposits

Sedimentary deposits left by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on the inner continental shelf offshore of Khao Lak, Andaman Sea (Thailand)

Variations in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami deposits thickness and their preservation potential, southwestern Thailand

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