Religiusitas Kelas Menengah Muslim Surakarta ; Interaksi Dengan Globalisasi Dan Modernitas

Abstract

The economic growth affects the rise of middle class, includes Muslim class. The increase of the middle-class Moslem affects religiosity in Surakarta City. This study aimed (1) to describe the religiosity of middle class Muslims in Surakarta City as the result of their interaction with globalism and modernism and (2) to identify the factors influencing the religiosity of that class. The study was conducted in Surakarta City using a qualitative approach. Data were collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with 11 informants with various relevant backgrounds. Then those data were analyzed qualitatively and compared to relevant previous studies. The study resulted: (1) Middle-class Muslims in Surakarta City showed their religiosity by following Majelis Taklim that combining spiritual and social activities and it was different to conventional ones. Religiosity was presented in sharia lifestyle. This was confirmed through the middle class’s appearances and preferences on Islamic-labelled products and services. On one hand, the interaction with modernism value and identity as the part of global Islamic ummah raised the spirit to purify Islamic value. Then, it potentially closed the middle class Muslims to radicalism. On the other hand, that interaction possibly trapped middle-class Muslim on the consumptive and hedonistic culture that contradicted to sharia values. (2) The factors that influenced middle-class Muslim’s religiosity were financial stability, appropriate rationalistic ability, and Islamic learning media. Internet and social media provided crucial influences on the religiosity of middle-class Muslims in Surakarta city since they became the important media to understand Islam.

Meta Analisis Studi Kelas Menengah Muslim di Indonesia

“…Selain karna dibentuk oleh kemapanan finansial, rasional dan media yang digunakan seperti yang dikatakan Aeni and Nuriyanto (2020) dalam studinya tentang religiusitas kelas menengah muslim, pola yang seperti itu menunjukkan arti bahwa kelas menengah muslim Indonesia sebenarnya adalah kelompok yang sangat hedonis dan sangat konsumtif. Demikian menurut Yuswohady et al (2015) tentang konsumen kelas menengah muslim di Indonesia bahwa ada beberapa sikap konsumen yang melekat dengan kelas menengah muslim.…”

Komodifikasi Simbol-Simbol Agama Di Kalangan Kelas Menengah Muslim Di Indonesia

“…Pertumbuhan kelas menengah Muslim di Indonesia dengan atau tanpa disadari sangat mempengaruhi masyarakat pada umumnya, hal-hal yang beraroma Islami sangat mudah dijumpai di setiap sudut kehidupan (Jati, 2016). Pada awalnya ada sebagian masyarakat yang merasa risih mengikuti cara tersebut karena menilai Islamisasi sama dengan Arabisasi (Aeni & Nuriyanto, 2020). Sebelumnya, Islam hanya dianggap sebagai agama yang terbatas pada ruangruang keagamaan yang sakral.…”

“…Term-term seputar ekonomi, budaya, politik dan agama yang berkembang di masyarakat sangat erat kaitannya dengan kajian mengenai kelas menengah Muslim. Kehadiran kelas menengah Muslim melahirkan budaya baru di tengah masyarakat (Aeni & Nuriyanto, 2020). Selain itu, juga kemampuan daya beli yang cukup tinggi berdampak pada kenaikan ekonomi secara makro, dari sisi politik kelas menengah Muslim berperan sebagai jembatan bagi masyarakat kaum alit untuk menyuarakan aspirasinya kepada kalangan elit.…”

Upper Middle-Class Muslims and Market-Oriented Umroh Program Dissemination on Social Media

“…This phenomenon indicates an increase in their piety on the one hand but also shows a new consumption pattern of Islamic products on the other hand (Alam, 2018). This expression of Islam in the Muslim community is in line with the emergence of Islamic symbols in Indonesian public spaces, such as the proliferation of magnificent mosques built with modern architecture, the increasingly active Islamic activities such as religious studies, Islamic seminars, tabligh akbar (Islamic mass preaching), zikr festival, Islamic fashion, and the increasing number of people who perform the Umroh pilgrimage with five-star service packages while providing new experiences to travel around various countries in the world, offered by private Islamic travel agents (Aeni & Nuriyanto, 2020;Hasan, 2009;Triantoro, 2020).…”