“…During the past decades, there has been a religious awakening in China (Chau 2010;Liu 2011;Liu 2013;Ying et al 2017). The percentage of people claiming some type of religious practice was 7% in 2001, it then rose to 10% in 2012, and 26.4% in 2014 (Lu and Zhang 2016;Wenzel-Teuber 2017).…”
The association between religion and health is well debated and receives continuous attention in research. Selection bias is often a major concern among the observatory data routinely used worldwide to examine this topic. Adopting the propensity score matching (PSM) method, the present study tries to assess the treatment effects of religion on self-reported health status. The final sample from the 2007 Spiritual Life Study of Chinese Residents (SLSC) contains 6194 valid responses. The average treatment effects (ATEs) estimated by the PSM method show that respondents with religious affiliations are on average significantly more likely to report being very healthy by 5.2 percentage points (by 3.6 and 9.6 percentage points among Buddhists and Protestants), especially, by 16.2 percentage points among those regarding religion as being very important in their lives. Meanwhile, ATEs of religion on reporting being very happy is 17.0 among Protestants and 13.4 among those regarding religion with high importance and 11.3 among those with “regular religious attendance”.
“…During the past decades, there has been a religious awakening in China (Chau 2010;Liu 2011;Liu 2013;Ying et al 2017). The percentage of people claiming some type of religious practice was 7% in 2001, it then rose to 10% in 2012, and 26.4% in 2014 (Lu and Zhang 2016;Wenzel-Teuber 2017).…”
The association between religion and health is well debated and receives continuous attention in research. Selection bias is often a major concern among the observatory data routinely used worldwide to examine this topic. Adopting the propensity score matching (PSM) method, the present study tries to assess the treatment effects of religion on self-reported health status. The final sample from the 2007 Spiritual Life Study of Chinese Residents (SLSC) contains 6194 valid responses. The average treatment effects (ATEs) estimated by the PSM method show that respondents with religious affiliations are on average significantly more likely to report being very healthy by 5.2 percentage points (by 3.6 and 9.6 percentage points among Buddhists and Protestants), especially, by 16.2 percentage points among those regarding religion as being very important in their lives. Meanwhile, ATEs of religion on reporting being very happy is 17.0 among Protestants and 13.4 among those regarding religion with high importance and 11.3 among those with “regular religious attendance”.
“…24. As Newman and Halvorson (1984) argue, religious denominations can be viewed as indicators of patterns of regional culture and religious belief is more likely to be associated with these patterns. Moreover, Ying et al (2017) document that in China, regional development is significantly positively associated with religious diversity, especially in eastern provinces, because of openness and inclusiveness in regional culture. Ying et al (2017) further show that religious polarization in northern provinces – Jilin, Heilongjiang and Liaoning – is different from that in eastern provinces.…”
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of religious entrepreneurs on bank loans and further examine the moderating effect of entrepreneurial gender.
Design/methodology/approach
In 2010, the Chinese national survey reported the different religious beliefs of private entrepreneurs. Using this set of survey data, the authors obtain a sample of 4,330 Chinese family firms and employ the Tobit regression approach to examine the relationship between the amount of bank loans and the religious background of entrepreneurs. In addition, the authors use the propensity score matching approach to address the endogeneity issue.
Findings
Based on the data from the 2010 national survey, the authors document that the amount of bank loans is significantly higher for Chinese family firms with religious entrepreneurs than for their counterparts. This finding suggests that religious individuals are inclined to be more ethical and honest and Chinese family firms with religious entrepreneurs transfer soft information to banks, and eventually lenders favor religious entrepreneurs with more bank loans. Moreover, the authors reveal that the amount of bank loans is significantly larger for firms with female entrepreneurs than for those without female entrepreneurs. In addition, entrepreneurial gender attenuates the positive relationship between religious entrepreneurs and bank loans.
Originality/value
This study is one of few studies to examine the influence of an entrepreneur’s religious belief on bank credit decisions and adds to previous studies about religious influence on corporate behavior by revealing a positive association between religious entrepreneurs and bank loans. Moreover, this study validates that female entrepreneurs exert positive effects on the amount of bank loans and attenuate the positive influence of religious entrepreneurs on bank loans.
“…Recently, the development of education and human civilization has experienced tremendous leaps and bounds. The world of disruption has spread to various layers of life, including in religious matters (Dillon, 2009;Smith, 1996;Ying et al, 2017), according to him this is caused by economic factors, geography, transcendent motivation, organizational resources, divided identity, privilege, social and geographical position, self-interest. and institutional.…”
The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of the boarding school leadership in improving the quality of human resources as a whole. The contribution of human resources is very important in the progress of this boarding school. The method used is through a phenomenological approach, in which the researcher is directly involved in the struggle of society and the students directly. Researchers observe and analyze and interview the parties who are directly related. The success of building a nation, starting from the development of human resources, HCL (Human Capital Index) plays a very important role in the development of civilization towards SGDs. The HCL component, which includes education, health and social security, has been implemented in the Idrisyah Islamic boarding school, as a Tarekat. The application of the HCL principles greatly impacts on sustainable human development. Tarekat in Indonesia that apply it because they still apply spirituality of worship vertically, the majority do not have an impact on socio-culture, economy, development and others and as a result unemployment, poverty is not significantly reduced. This tarekat is a new trend in socio-societal change and as a Sufistic movement in Indonesia.
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