Religious Discrimination Scale: Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation

Allen, G. E. Kawika; Wang, Kenneth T.; Richards, P. Scott; Ming, Mason; Suh, Han Na

doi:10.1007/s10943-018-0617-z

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The items that had high factor loadings in the present study also had high factor loadings in the scale development study: item five = 0.739; item six = 0.708; item eight = 0.686 (Jadallah and Lee, 2015). In the scale development study, AAmC total scores were higher for The majority of items were retained from both the Brief Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire -Community Version Lifetime Exposure Scale (PEDQ-CV;Brondolo et al, 2005) and the Religious Discrimination Scale (RDS;Kawika Allen et al, 2018). Each of these scales behaved as expected.…”

Section: Preliminary Analysessupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale with anchors of 1 (never happened) to 5 (happened very often) (Brondolo et al, 2005). Researchers developed a list of 22 items for the RDS by editing items found on discrimination scales used for other minority groups including racial and sexual minorities (Kawika Allen et al, 2018). An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was then conducted using a sample of 270 participants who primarily identified as Latter-day Saints.…”

Section: Acculturation Rating Scale Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Items that had factor loadings greater than .40, cross loadings of less than .30, and consistent item content were retained (Kawika Allen et al, 2018). A second EFA was conducted with the selected 11 items and the three-factor solution was shown to account for 65.17% of the total variance explained (Kawika Allen et al, 2018). Factor loadings for the Perceived Prejudice subscale items were .62 to .83 and accounted for 47.3% of the variance before rotation.…”

Section: Acculturation Rating Scale Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factor loadings for Closet Symptoms items were between .62 and .89 and accounted for 17% of the variance prior to rotation. Factor loadings for the Negative Labels items were between .64 and .94 and accounted for 9.9% of the total variance before rotation (Kawika Allen et al, 2018). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), conducted using an additional sample of 274 individuals to cross-validate the RDS, yielded adequate fit statistics for the three-factor model [CFI = .948, SRMR = .059, RMSEA = .068 (90% C.I.…”

Section: Acculturation Rating Scale Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors found adequate generalizability coefficients for each subscale. An overall scale generalizability coefficient was not provided because the authors suggested not using the composite RDS total score due to poor single-factor model fit (Kawika Allen et al, 2018). The Perceived Prejudice subscale score had generalizability coefficients of .89 and .85 in sample one and two, respectively (Kawika Allen et al, 2018).…”

Section: Acculturation Rating Scale Formentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barriers and Facilitators of Seeking Psychological Help for Muslims in the United States

Milam¹

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Due to increased social, cultural, and political struggles for Muslims in the United States (MUS), affordable, accessible, and culturally appropriate mental health care is important for these individuals (Aloud & Rathur, 2009). MUS are an underrepresented group that use mental health services at low rates (Ciftci, Jones, & Corrigan, 2013; Khan, 2006). MUS, especially those with mental health concerns, hold a number of stigmatized identities, often including their race and ethnicity, religion, and mental health status that can result in discrimination (Ciftci et al., 2013). The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to self-stigma for seeking psychological help in MUS. It was hypothesized that Muslim beliefs and practices would increase self-stigma for seeking psychological help and that this relationship would be mediated by acculturation, perceived religious discrimination, and perceived ethnic discrimination. Structural equation modeling was used to test these hypotheses. The direct path between Muslim practices and selfstigma of seeking psychological help was not statistically significant. None of the hypothesized mediated paths were found to be statistically significant. However, results suggested that greater levels of Muslim practices were associated with lower levels of acculturation and that lower levels of acculturation were associated with higher levels of self-stigma for seeking psychological help in a sample of MUS. A number of demographic variables were found to be associated with the main study variables. These findings are discussed along with implications for counseling psychologists and recommendations for future directions in this area of study BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS OF SEEKING PSYCHOLOGICAL HELP iii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to all seekers of God, mental health, and thriving individual and community lives.

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Section: Preliminary Analysessupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Acculturation Rating Scale Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acculturation Rating Scale Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acculturation Rating Scale Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acculturation Rating Scale Formentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barriers and Facilitators of Seeking Psychological Help for Muslims in the United States

Milam¹

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Religiosity and perceived religious discrimination as predictors of support for suicide attacks among Muslim Americans.

Beller¹,

Kröger²

2021

Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology

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Some argue that religiosity is one of the main causes of religious extremist violence, such as suicide attacks, while others propose that adverse circumstances associated with religiosity like perceived religious discrimination are responsible. Directly comparing these two perspectives, we investigated how religiosity (personal importance of religion, prayer frequency, religious service attendance, religious fundamentalism) and perceived religious discrimination predict support for suicide attacks in 2 samples of Muslim Americans (N 1 ϭ 1,050; N 2 ϭ 1,033). We found that most participants did not support religious extremist violence. Perceived religious discrimination, but no aspect of religiosity, was associated with increased support for suicide attacks. Therefore, support for suicide attacks among Muslim Americans does not seem to be predicted by religiosity but, rather, by perceived religious discrimination, which might be experienced at a greater rate by religious minorities. Reducing discrimination might be an effective general strategy to prevent religious radicalization. Public Significance StatementThere has been a huge public debate about religious extremism, but this phenomenon is not well understood scientifically. To help close this gap, the current study analyzed possible predictors of support for suicide attacks among Muslim Americans and found that perceived religious discrimination, but no aspect of religiosity, was associated with increased support for suicide attacks. Therefore, this study suggests that efforts to prevent religious extremism should not include the condemnation of whole religions; rather, prevention efforts should focus on reducing overall discrimination and prejudice.

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Patterns of Perceived Hostility and Identity Concealment among Self-Identified Atheists

2022

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Researchers have produced important findings regarding the types of stigma associated with nonreligion, particularly atheism. However, while numerous studies analyze who is more or less likely to identify as an atheist given that stigma, less is known about how self-identified atheists manage the stigma associated with their identity. This study uses new survey data from a nationally representative sample of US adults, with an oversample of individuals identifying as atheists, to examine the predictors of and connections between atheists’ perceptions of hostility toward their identities and whether they conceal those identities. Contrary to our expectations, we find no association between atheists’ perceived hostility toward their identity and concealment of that identity. We do find, however, that atheists in some social locations report higher levels of identity concealment, particularly those who identify as women, those who identify as Republican, those who live in the South, and those who were raised in a religion or still attend religious services. Our findings suggest that atheists who feel like social or institutional outsiders are more likely to conceal their identity. Our findings also suggest that affirming an atheist identity may buffer some of the negative effects of atheist stigma. These findings have implications for how researchers understand the context-specific nature of religious discrimination, as well as implications for research on stigma management and the ways that the shifting religious and political landscape in the United States shapes the expression of atheist identities.

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Religious Discrimination Scale: Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Barriers and Facilitators of Seeking Psychological Help for Muslims in the United States

Barriers and Facilitators of Seeking Psychological Help for Muslims in the United States

Religiosity and perceived religious discrimination as predictors of support for suicide attacks among Muslim Americans.

Patterns of Perceived Hostility and Identity Concealment among Self-Identified Atheists

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