“…2 Religion is conceptualized as having three distinct, yet interrelated dimensions: religious belief, religious belonging, and religious behavior (Carwardine, 1993;Jelen, 1991;Kellstedt, 1993;Kellstedt, Green, Guth, & Smidt, 1996;Layman & Green, 1998;Wuthnow, 1988). example, Beatty & Walter, 1984;Corbett, 1982;Erskine & Siegal, 1975;Filsinger, 1976;Nunn et al, 1978;Smidt & Penning, 1982;Sullivan et al, 1982;Wilcox & Jelen, 1990). So why bother to reinvestigate what looks like an ''open and shut'' case?…”