Religión y espacio público: el conflicto en torno a la regulación del velo integral islámico

Abstract

Palabras clave Islam Espacio Público Religión Secularización ResumenEn la última década la cuestión del velo integral ha generado acalorados debates políticos en numerosos países europeos y ha sido objeto de una creciente regulación jurídica a nivel europeo, estatal y local. A partir de un estudio de caso, este artículo se centra en analizar en profundidad los procesos de problematización y regulación legal del velo integral en Cataluña. El objetivo es examinar las razones que explican la emergencia de esta problemática y analizar de qué manera se construyen los argumentos que apoyan o desaprueban la regulación local del uso del velo integral en el espacio público. El objetivo es comprender cómo los discursos en torno a la laicidad y la religión en el espacio público se traducen en posiciones concretas, y cómo se configuran, articulan y confrontan diferentes concepciones sobre el significado, y los límites, de la libertad religiosa en el contexto de ese conflicto. El artículo concluye afirmando la necesidad de ubicar el conflicto más allá de la cuestión religiosa y entenderlo, también, como consecuencia de la naturaleza excluyente del espacio público contemporáneo y la creciente regulación de sus usos. Keywords Islam Public Space Religion Secularization AbstractThis article focuses on the rising controversies about religious symbols, in particular the debates about the prohibition of the Islamic full-face veil (burka, niqab) in public space. Starting from the case of a Catalan city, we examine the sources of this controversy at the local level and analyze the discourses mobilized by different actors in the field. Through the empirical analysis, we scrutinize how discourses on religious freedom and secularity are articulated with particular notions of public space to frame this specific conflict. The analysis shows that the rise and the evolution of these controversies must be situated beyond the religious-secular binary, and that this confrontation cannot simply be read as a consequence of a presumed opposition between Islam and the secular state. Therefore, while the majority of existing studies examines the (lack of) compatibility of the full-face veil with certain concepts of secularity, we show that different concepts about public space and its uses are a much more promising starting point for understanding conflicts about face-veiling.

Conceptualising the role of cities in the governance of religious diversity in Europe

“…An empirically grounded approach to urban regulations and contestations allows us to grasp the many intricacies that underlie conflicts over public religiosity, as well as overcoming a simplistic view that looks at local struggles exclusively through the lens of the confrontation between the religious and the secular. As Griera and Burchardt (2016) have recently demonstrated, it is also important to analyse the role played by conceptions of 'normal' and 'disruptive' behaviour in the city to understand such struggles better.…”

“…Urban planning and the construction of mosques and cemeteries for religious minorities have attracted a great deal of attention (Maussen, 2007; Van den Breemer and Maussen, 2012; Zwilling, 2015). Burchardt et al (2015) and Griera and Burchardt (2016) have studied municipal burka prohibitions in Spanish municipalities. In recent years, a number of authors have also looked at the proliferation of local interfaith activities and platforms as a means to regulate religious diversity (Dick and Nagel, 2017; Duemmler and Nagel, 2013; Griera and Forteza, 2011; Lamine, 2005, 2015).…”

Conmemorar la Ashura en la diáspora. Limitaciones y posibilidades en el uso del espacio público en Barcelona y París

“…Otra línea ha centrado la mirada en el rol de las administraciones y los conflictos sociales y políticos que se han derivado de la visibilidad del islam, ya sea a nivel europeo o a escala estatal y local (Göle, 2015;Planet, 2018). Algunos de los aspectos que más se han analizado son la apertura de centros de culto (Astor, 2017;Moreras, 2009;Allievi, 2009;Cesari, 2003Cesari, y 2004 o las regulaciones sobre el velo (Bowen, 2007) y el velo integral (Griera y Burchardt, 2016). Con este artículo contribuimos a los debates de esta literatura centrándonos en una expresión religiosa menos conocida protagonizada además por una minoría dentro del islam: la conmemoración de la Ashura por parte de los chiitas.…”

The Judicial Politics of Burqa Bans in Belgium and Spain—Socio-Legal Field Dynamics and the Standardization of Justificatory Repertoires

“…Significantly, there was a second mosque community, with which the city government maintained good relationships, and that was continuously hailed as well integrated and as an example of successful religious coexistence. If the city government framed the ban as a policy instrument in the fight against radicalism and a "message" to Salafists that their interpretation of religion and their vision of coexistence was undesirable, it was also meant to establish and validate criteria for legitimate religions (Griera and Burchardt 2016).…”