The relationships that advanced academics establish between science and religion, on the epistemological and psychological points of view, were discussed, specially under the concept of conflict, within a cognitive frame of reference, on the conscious level, and a psychoanalytical frame, on the unconscious level. 26 academies, from the three main scientific areas of knowledge, with at least a Ph.D. or a Sc.D. degree, working full-time at the University of São Paulo, 10 physies, 8 zoologists and 8 historians, were approaehed by means of a semi-struc. tured interview. The main results showed (a) there is no epistemological conflict between science and religion; (b) there is no psychological conflict between science and religion on the conscious level; (c) there are several psychological conflicts between science and religion on the unconscious level, not attributable, however, to the academic status of the interviewees; (d) there is a process of secularization underway, considered as a disaffiliation from the religious institution, but not as a rejection of religion.The results were compared to those obtained in similar researches with academics of other countries.