Religion, Communications, and the Ideological Origins of the American Revolution

Stout, Harry S.

doi:10.2307/2936181

Cited by 49 publications

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“…(16) From this perspective, the standardization of spelling and language usage greatly enhanced by the dictionary movement of the eigh teenth century not only fostered national unification, but perhaps even more importantly, marked the growing distinctions between an educated elite and the "lower orders." (17) An important literature has emerged on this theme in recent years although the implications of this subject for education and culture in society need much more explication. (18) Early science was connected to both traditions and was sensitive to the distinctions between the two.…”

Section: Fall 1981mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Popularization of Science in Nineteenth-Century America

Kuritz¹

1981

History of Education Quarterly

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THE POPULARIZATION OF SCIENCE in nineteenth-century America is inseparable from the democratization of Western society in the early modern era. The contempt for labor that characterized the medieval attitude was gradually replaced by a new spirit whose roots go back to at least the twelfth century and which accompanied the rise in economic im portance of the skilled craftsman and mechanic in a modernizing economy. The new importance of the artisan-mechanic to the economy forced a reconsideration of the proper relationship between the artisan and the scientist. The association of knowledge with its applications-its utility-was interwoven with a growing self-conception that the produc tions of the craftsman and the mechanic made possible a grasp of regular ities and order in nature hitherto not even so conceptualized. Advances in techniques and in the material conditions of life were accompanied by corresponding changes in the perception and conceptualization of nature and society. (1) The artisan achieved a new and elevated status of digni ty and place. He worked in close collaboration with scientists, and fre quently the distinctions between them were blurred and undefined. (2) Taking their cue from the work of the artisan and his methods, the new men of science now raised the possibility that nature could not only be understood but could be altered to meet the needs of man. In the words of Paolo Rossi: A new view of labor, of the functions of technical knowledge and of the significance of artificial processes through which nature was altered and transformed clearly makes its way into the work of artists and experimentalists of the fifteenth century and into the treatises of engineers and technicians of the sixteenth century. ... It was now argued that some of the methods employed by technicians and artisans to modify and alter nature might also be useful for acquiring a real knowledge of natural utility. Indeed, it was boldly asserted in an explicit disputation with the traditional philosophies, the newer methods might have the distinct merit of exhibiting nature in motion. (3) This close link between craftsman and scientist was exemplified in practice. Craft skills were utilized by seventeenth century scientists for the

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Section: Fall 1981mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Popularization of Science in Nineteenth-Century America

Kuritz¹

1981

History of Education Quarterly

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“…In this sense, votes may be merely the anticlimactic residuals of a mental set formed much earlier. Using the methods of history and rhetoric, therefore (Stout, 1977), we have compared the verbal record of congressmen in the House of Representatives in the Twelfth Congress with speeches during the administrations of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson-two periods during which war was not declared but the nation faced similar foreign policy problems-to study how words functioned in the war movement.…”

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Justifying the War of 1812

Hatzenbuehler

Ivie

1980

Social Science History

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A decade ago, Richard Hofstadter wrote that historians were approaching consensus on the political origins of the War of 1812. Blending elements of the work during the early 1960s of Norman K. Risjord, Bradford Perkins, and Roger H. Brown, Hofstadter (1969: 181) concluded that Republicans were convinced “the Republic itself and the fate of republican government had come to rest on the ability of the Republican party to take a forceful stand against foreign incursions on American rights.” Republicans, in other words, melded national with partisan goals and pursued war to save national honor and the Republican party.Today, however, one would have to conclude that Hofstadter’s prediction was premature, based upon the spate of articles published since 1972 addressing the partisan nature of the vote for war in the House of Representatives, the role of the War Hawks in the debates and legislation of the war session, and the leadership (or lack thereof) supplied by James Madison (Hatzenbuehler, 1972b, 1976; Egan, 1974; Stagg, 1976; Hickey, 1976; Fritz, 1977; Bell, 1979).

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Causes of the American Revolutions

Frey¹

2006

A Companion to Colonial America

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Religion, Communications, and the Ideological Origins of the American Revolution

Cited by 49 publications

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The Popularization of Science in Nineteenth-Century America

The Popularization of Science in Nineteenth-Century America

Justifying the War of 1812

Causes of the American Revolutions

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