Religion: An Unsolved Problem for the Modern Czech Nation

Nešporová, Olga; Nešpor, Zdeněk R.

doi:10.13060/00380288.2009.45.6.03

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The economical choice varies by religion (Benjamin et al, 2016). The results can be specific as the Czech Republic has been ranked as one of the most atheist countries in the world (Nešpor and Nešporová, 2009). Only one-fifth (21 per cent) of the population claimed religious faith in the 2011 census outside the capital (Czech Statistical Office, 2014).…”

Section: Dependent Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-demographic drivers of the risk-taking propensity of micro farmers

Špička

2020

JEEE

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Purpose Risk attitude is an elementary attribute of entrepreneurial behaviour. Determinants of risk-taking propensity have been widely investigated in the group of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs so far. There is a lack of evidence on determinants of risk-taking propensity in the farming business, which is considered as risky business because of the ongoing climate change and epidemic outbreaks. Alternatively, the risk of lower European Union budget raised the question, how to implement publicly supported financial instruments for micro and small farmers which have lower credit rating. The purpose of this study is to find socio-demographic determinants of the risk-taking propensity of the Czech micro farms, controlling for the type of farming. Design/methodology/approach The survey of 747 micro farmers was processed through ordinal logistic regression. The study is based on the subjective self-assessment of the risk-taking behaviour which is frequently used to measure risk-taking attitude. The results are representative from the type of farming point of view. Findings The model provided clear evidence that age, household size, living with the partner/wife/husband and level of education have a significant relationship with risk-taking propensity. The most risk-tolerant farmers are young with less formal education and living in small households. The risk-taking propensity varies by the type of farming. Specialized crop farms have significantly higher risk-taking propensity than farms with a substantial share of livestock production. Alternatively, gender, feeling about household income and religion are not significantly related to the risk-taking propensity of the Czech micro farms. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of the study is the number of explanatory variables and the use of self-assessment of risk-taking attitude. The risk attitude can be explained by other variables which require in-depth qualitative research, such as past risk experience, the structure of decision problems, market orientation and operation under subsistence conditions. Practical implications The significant determinants of risk-taking attitude of micro farmers are important for banks, the Czech Support and Guarantee Fund for Farmers and Forestry and for policymakers who design the rules for post-2020 common agricultural policy. The study is original and valuable for the Central and Eastern European countries’ implementation of financial instruments as new rules for investment support are being prepared and research on the risk-taking attitude of the most vulnerable segment of farmers has not been conducted. Originality/value The originality of this study is from the perspective of agricultural sector as well as from the micro farms point of view. The results have commercial and political implications. Younger farmers, singles and lower-educated farmers have significantly higher risk-taking propensity and can be potentially risky clients for banks. Such farmers represent the financial gap in the credit market, and their viable development projects could be subject for implementation of financial instruments co-financed by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development in the forthcoming programming period past 2020.

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Section: Dependent Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-demographic drivers of the risk-taking propensity of micro farmers

Špička

2020

JEEE

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“…Such a shift may be related to the history of the country, concretely to the 40 years of the communist regime. That period strengthened already existing negative attitudes toward the church (Nešporova & Nešpor, 2009), which were probably linked to the Czech reformation (Hussitism) in the 14th century, forced re-Catholicization in the 17th and 18th century and a rise of nationalism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (Hamplova & Nespor, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Czech Version of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale: Evaluation and Psychometric Properties

Tavel¹,

Sandora²,

Fürstová³

et al. 2020

Psychol Rep

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Spirituality and spiritual well-being are connected with many areas of human life. Thus, especially in secular countries, there is a need for reliable validated instruments for measuring spirituality. The Spiritual Well-Being Scale is among the world’s most often used tools; therefore, the aim of this study was its psychometrical evaluation in the secular environment of the Czech Republic on a nationally representative sample (n = 1797, mean age: 45.9 ± 17.67; 48.6% men). A non-parametric comparison of different sociodemographic groups showed a higher disposition for experiencing spirituality among women, older people, and divorced persons. Based on confirmatory factor analysis, negatively worded items were excluded using a polychoric correlation matrix. The new version of the scale consisting of 11 items had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.85; McDonald’s ωt = 0.91). The two-factor model of this shortened version, with factors corresponding to the Religious and the Existential subscales of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, shows a satisfactory fit with the data, where the loadings of all items ranged from medium to high. Thus, this study offered a new version of the tool, convenient for measuring spiritual well-being in secular conditions.

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“…With regard to religious affiliation, the Czech Republic is a specific case in Central Europe. This might be the consequence of the historical development of the country, as the anticlerical attitudes that were already present were further reinforced by the 40 years of the communist régime (Nesporova and Nespor 2009 ). According to the Pew Research Center ( 2014 ), it is the country with the highest percentage (76.4%) of religiously unaffiliated people in the world, meaning that three-quarters of the population do not affiliate themselves to any organized church, though they might have some kind of personal belief.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%