Reliance on visual feedback from ocular accommodation on motor skills in children with developmental coordination disorder and typically developing controls

Motor Skills and Visual Deficits in Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Narrative Review

“…Children with severe DCD have abnormalities in binocular vision, refractive errors, and ocular alignment [25]. Accommodation abnormalities, which contribute to impaired motor skills in children with DCD, have also been found [33,34]. The study developed by Bilbao and Piñero [26], resolves that children with DCD have a significantly lower amplitude of accommodation and a trend of greater exophoria compared to those with other developmental disorders.…”

“…Another 8 articles addressed the visual characteristics of children with DCD [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Of the 40 articles, 17 addressed the relationship between motor skills and vision in children with DCD, of which 10 investigated fine motor skills [4,8,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] and another 7 investigated gross motor skills [5,7,[41][42][43][44][45]. The remaining 8 articles deal with visual intervention that influences the motor development of children with DCD [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53].…”

“…Table 1 shows the specific characteristics of the selected studies, such as the type of study, the variable studied, and other relevant data. A total of 17 selected articles were descriptive studies, although some did not specify it [4,[7][8][9][10]21,23,[27][28][29][30][32][33][34][35]37,38,44]. Another 18 were experimental, including the RTCs [5,22,26,31,[39][40][41][42][43][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53].…”

“…Of the selected studies, we found 17 that relate vision and motor skills, 10 of them in relation to fine motor skills [4,8,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] and the other 7 on gross motor skills [5,7,[41][42][43][44][45].…”

Developmental Coordination Disorder and Most Prevalent Comorbidities: A Narrative Review

“…In order to acquire proper motor skills, adequate visual feedback is necessary. Rafique and colleagues recently investigated the effects of accommodation anomalies which contribute to motor skills impairment [ 53 ]. Some atypicalities in ocular motility have been identified in patients with DCD [ 54 ], in particular with regard to sustained engagement on fixation (deficient in subjects with DCD) and differences in gaze behavior compared to control groups [ 55 , 56 ].…”