Reliability, Validity, and Minimal Detectable Change of Four-Step Stair Climb Power Test in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Ni, Meng; Brown, Lorna; Lawler, Danielle; Bean, Jonathan F.

doi:10.1093/ptj/pzx039

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Similarly, the knee extensor muscles play a dominant role in the progression from one step to the next in stair climbing, together with the ankle plantar flexors [34, 35]. The importance of knee-extensor strength and power in SA and STS have already been established in previous research [31, 36–39]. It is therefore not surprising that, in the current study, both SA and STS performance were related to multi-joint LEP.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Interestingly, sensor-based power parameters (r = 0.80–0.81) were clearly more associated with LEP than duration parameters (r = -0.41 –-0.66) in both SA and STS tests, which stresses the added value of power parameters in functional tests. It should be noted that previous research has used other simple alternative ways to estimate power in SA and STS tests, for example with smartphone applications [40, 41], Tendo Weightlifting Analyzer [42], or by only using a stopwatch [31, 32]. Because stopwatch-based approaches have the highest potential for large-scale implementation, we additionally calculated power during SA and STS based on performance durations instead of accelerometry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because this approach has the highest potential for large-scale implementation, we additionally calculated power during unloaded SA and STS based on performance durations instead of accelerometry. SA power was estimated based on the following formula: SA power = ((body mass in kg) x 9.81m/s²) x (total stair height in m))/(total ascent duration in s) [31]. STS power was estimated using the following equation: STS power = ((thigh length in m + lower leg length in m–chair height in m) x body mass in kg x 9.81 m/s² x 5)/(total STS duration in s) [32].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A body-fixed-sensor-based analysis of stair ascent and sit-to-stand to detect age-related differences in leg-extensor power

Roie

Driessche

Huijben³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Human ageing is accompanied by a progressive decline in leg-extensor power (LEP). LEP is typically measured with specialized and expensive equipment, which limits the large-scale applicability. Previously, sensor-based trunk kinematics have been used to estimate the vertical power required to elevate the body’s center of mass during functional tests, but the link with LEP and age remains to be investigated. Therefore, we investigated whether a body-fixed sensor-based analysis of power during stair ascent (SA) and sit-to-stand (STS) is positively related to LEP and whether its ability to detect age-related declines is similar. In addition, the effect of load during SA and STS was investigated. 98 adults (20–70 years) performed a leg press to assess LEP, SA and 5-repetition STS tests. In SA and STS, two conditions were tested: unloaded and loaded (+10% body mass). An inertial measurement unit was used to analyze (sub)-durations and vertical power. SA and STS power were more related to LEP than duration parameters (i.e. 0.80–0.81 for power and -0.41 –-0.66 for duration parameters, p < 0.05). The average annual age-related percent change was higher in SA power (-1.38%) than in LEP (-0.86%) and STS power (-0.38%) (p < 0.05). Age explained 29% in SA power (p < 0.001), as opposed to 14% in LEP (p < 0.001) and a non-significant 2% in STS power (p = 0.102). The addition of 10% load did not influence the age-related decline of SA and STS power nor the relationship with LEP. These results demonstrate the potential of SA tests to detect age-related deterioration in neuromuscular function. SA seems more sensitive to detect age-related changes than LEP, probably because of the additional balance component and plantar- and dorsiflexor activity. On the contrary, STS is less sensitive to age-related changes because of a ceiling effect in well-functioning adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A body-fixed-sensor-based analysis of stair ascent and sit-to-stand to detect age-related differences in leg-extensor power

Roie

Driessche

Huijben³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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“…The SCT appears to have greater responsiveness to detect change (expected improvement) than patient-report questionnaires during the acute stages after knee replacement surgery and was shown to be the most responsive physical performance measure in the early recovery period. 34 Ni et al, 35 showed excellent reliability (r = 0.95) and strong validity of the four-step test, providing evidence for its potential utility as a clinical measure of lower limb power among community-dwelling older adults. 34 30-sec chair stand test.…”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 95%

Pre-Conditioning and Post-Operative Photobiomodulation Therapy by a Novel Light Patch System for Knee Arthroplasty: A Protocol for a Phase 1 Study

Vassão

Rennó

Smith

et al. 2020

Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery

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Objective: To determine the potential efficacy and feasibility of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) before and after knee arthroplasty (KA) surgery. Background: Total knee replacements (total knee arthroplasty, TKA) are one of the most common and successful surgical interventions for osteoarthritis. Up to 20,000 knee replacement arthroplasties are performed in Australia annually. Although TKA aims to restore knee alignment and relieve pain in the long term, the initial post-operative period is difficult and rehabilitation is often hindered by persistent pain and swelling. A promising therapeutic approach, PBMT using a novel self-adhesive light patch system, may be feasible for reducing post-operative pain and swelling and aiding recovery. Materials and methods: This is an interventional clinical feasibility study protocol. Patients from a surgical waitlist will be invited to take part. PBMT will be applied for 30 min daily for 7 days pre-operatively using a novel light patch system (CareWear Ò) with both 450 nm (6.75 mW/cm 2) and 640 nm (2.25 mW/cm 2) microdiodes. Postoperative treatment will utilize the same device second daily for 1 week after removal of compression bandages. Results: Outcomes will be evaluated at seven time points: baseline at week 1 pre-operatively, 1 day before surgery, day 4 after surgery, weekly for a further 2 weeks, and fortnightly until 6 weeks post-hospital discharge. Outcome measures include the following: Numeric Pain Rating Scale, stair climb test, 30-sec chair stand test, timed up and go test, 40-m fast-paced walk test, modified Iowa Level of Assistance Scale, muscle strength, knee range of motion, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and Lower Limb Functional Index. Conclusions: This study will provide an assessment of feasibility of using PBMT applied using a novel light patch system for management of pain symptoms and swelling, and aiding recovery of patients undergoing TKA. The results of this feasibility study will contribute to planning of the design and methods of a large clinical trial.

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“…In this regard, there is great interest in identifying clinical physical performance measures able to characterise the functional impairment of older adults, particularly for balance, gait, and stair climbing. Regarding the latter, the Stair Climb Power Test, 1-minute Stair Climb Test, 4-Step Stair Climb Power Test and 12-Step Stair Test have been developed for clinical evaluation [2][3][4]. Indeed, since climbing stairs involves a full control of balance and gait, as well as a sufficient muscular strength, assessing functional parameters while climbing stairs is clinically important for an overall description of how healthy the ageing process is.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Validation of a Minimal Complexity Algorithm for Stair Step Counting

et al. 2020

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Wearable sensors play a significant role for monitoring the functional ability of the elderly and in general, promoting active ageing. One of the relevant variables to be tracked is the number of stair steps (single stair steps) performed daily, which is more challenging than counting flight of stairs and detecting stair climbing. In this study, we proposed a minimal complexity algorithm composed of a hierarchical classifier and a linear model to estimate the number of stair steps performed during everyday activities. The algorithm was calibrated on accelerometer and barometer recordings measured using a sensor platform worn at the wrist from 20 healthy subjects. It was then tested on 10 older people, specifically enrolled for the study. The algorithm was then compared with other three state-of-the-art methods, which used the accelerometer, the barometer or both. The experiments showed the good performance of our algorithm (stair step counting error: 13.8%), comparable with the best state-of-the-art (p > 0.05), but using a lower computational load and model complexity. Finally, the algorithm was successfully implemented in a low-power smartwatch prototype with a memory footprint of about 4 kB.

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Reliability, Validity, and Minimal Detectable Change of Four-Step Stair Climb Power Test in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract: The 4SCPT shows scientific promise as a valid and reliable leg power measurement among community-dwelling older adults.

Cited by 37 publications

References 20 publications

A body-fixed-sensor-based analysis of stair ascent and sit-to-stand to detect age-related differences in leg-extensor power

A body-fixed-sensor-based analysis of stair ascent and sit-to-stand to detect age-related differences in leg-extensor power

Pre-Conditioning and Post-Operative Photobiomodulation Therapy by a Novel Light Patch System for Knee Arthroplasty: A Protocol for a Phase 1 Study

Design and Validation of a Minimal Complexity Algorithm for Stair Step Counting

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