Reliability through frequency diversity

Watteyne, Thomas; Mehta, Ankur; Pister, Karl S.

doi:10.1145/1641876.1641898

Cited by 192 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Channel hopping combined with slot access improves also reliability. The advantages derived from the channel hopping have been already tested and analyzed [38], [39].…”

Section: Channel Hoppingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized Protocol Stack for the Internet of (Important) Things

Palattella

Accettura

Vilajosana

et al. 2013

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

Self Cite

658

374

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We have witnessed the Fixed Internet emerging with virtually every computer being connected today; we are currently witnessing the emergence of the Mobile Internet with the exponential explosion of smart phones, tablets and net-books. However, both will be dwarfed by the anticipated emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), in which everyday objects are able to connect to the Internet, tweet or be queried. Whilst the impact onto economies and societies around the world is undisputed, the technologies facilitating such a ubiquitous connectivity have struggled so far and only recently commenced to take shape.To this end, this paper introduces in a timely manner the cornerstones of a technically and commercially viable IoT which includes a detailed discussion on the particular standard of choice at each protocol layer. This stack is shown to meet the important criteria of power-efficiency, reliability and Internet connectivity. Industrial applications have been the early adopters of this stack, which has become the de-facto standard, thereby bootstraping early IoT developments.Corroborated throughout this paper and by emerging industry alliances, we believe that a standardized approach, using latest developments in the IEEE 802.15.4 and IETF working groups, is the only way forward. We introduce and relate key embodiments of the power-efficient IEEE 802.15.4-2006 PHY layer, the power-saving and reliable IEEE 802.15.4e MAC layer, the IETF 6LoWPAN adaptation layer enabling universal Internet connectivity, the IETF ROLL routing protocol enabling availability, and finally the IETF CoAP enabling seamless transport and support of Internet applications.The protocol stack proposed in the present work converges towards the standardized notations of the ISO/OSI and TCP/IP stacks. What thus seemed impossible some years back, i.e., building a clearly defined, standards-compliant and Internet-compliant stack given the extreme restrictions of IoT networks, is commencing to become reality.

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“…Channel hopping combined with slot access improves also reliability. The advantages derived from the channel hopping have been already tested and analyzed [38], [39].…”

Section: Channel Hoppingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized Protocol Stack for the Internet of (Important) Things

Palattella

Accettura

Vilajosana

et al. 2013

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

Self Cite

658

374

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“…Although there is a vast literature of unstandardised MAC protocols that are optimised for different scenarios [2], the standardised TSCH offers interoperability between IoT devices. TSCH specifies a channel hopping scheme to avoid interference, and consequently to enable high reliability [3], while it employs time synchronisation to achieve low-power operation (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guard Time Optimisation for Energy Efficiency in IEEE 802.15.4-2015 TSCH Links

Papadopoulos

Mavromatis

Fafoutis

et al. 2017

Interoperability, Safety and Security in IoT

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Abstract. Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) is among the Medium Access Control (MAC) schemes defined in the IEEE 802.15.4-2015 standard. TSCH aims to guarantee high-level network reliability by keeping nodes time-synchronised. In order to ensure successful communication between a sender and a receiver, the latter starts listening shortly before the expected time of a MAC layer frame's arrival. The offset between the time a node starts listening and the estimated time of frame arrival is called guard time and it aims to reduce the probability of missed frames due to clock drift. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the guard time length on network performance. We identify that, when using the 6TiSCH minimal schedule, the most significant cause of energy consumption is idle listening during guard time. Therefore, we perform empirical optimisations on the guard time to maximise the energy-efficiency of a TSCH link. Our experiments, conducted using the Contiki OS, show that optimal guard time configuration can reduce energy consumption by up to 40%, without compromising network reliability.

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“…Compared to conventional Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, TSCH provides increased reliability with fast channel hopping mechanism by decorrelating bit error rate on subsequent channels as Watteyne et al discussed in [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable co-existence of 802.15.4e TSCH-based WSN and Wi-Fi in an aircraft cabin

Gürsu

Vilgelm

Zoppi

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC)

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Abstract-In this paper we present the effects of Wi-Fi interference on a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in an aircraft. We use Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (IEEE 802.15.4e) as Link layer in the WSN network. We conduct measurements in an environment realistically representing an aircraft cabin. We provide the resulting application failure and packet drop rates with and without interference, for an exemplary deadline critical application. In order to outline the importance of hopping against interference in a controlled environment, we compare the results of individual channels, full channel hopping and clear channel hopping, where the TSCH only hops over channels free from WiFi interference. Results open further discussions for more sophisticated Link layer implementations resulting in increased reliability such as optimization of frequency allocation depending on the application deadline.

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Reliability through frequency diversity

Cited by 192 publications

References 6 publications

Standardized Protocol Stack for the Internet of (Important) Things

Standardized Protocol Stack for the Internet of (Important) Things

Guard Time Optimisation for Energy Efficiency in IEEE 802.15.4-2015 TSCH Links

Reliable co-existence of 802.15.4e TSCH-based WSN and Wi-Fi in an aircraft cabin

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