Reliability of Urinary Albumin, Total Protein, and Creatinine Assays after Prolonged Storage

Parekh, Rulan S.; Kao, Wei-Yi; Meoni, Lucy A.; Ipp, Eli; Kimmel, Paul L.; Page, Janine La; Fondran, Carol; Knowler, William C.; Klag, Michael J.; Elston, Robert C.; Iyengar, Sudha K.; Goddard, Katrina A.B.; Olson, Jane M.; Ialacci, Sarah; Edwards-Quade, S.; Horváth, Andrea; Jun, Gyungah; Kramp, Kristopher; Slaughter, Mary Ellen; Zaletel, E.; Sedor, John R.; Schelling, Jeffrey R.; Pickens, A.; Humbert, Lisa; Getz-Fradley, L.; Adler, Sharon G.; Collins-Schramm, H. E.; Li, H.; Pahl, M. V.; Seldin, Michael F.; Walker, Bruce K.; Garcia, C.; Gonzalez, Julien; Ingram‐Drake, Leslie; Mead, Laura E.; Whitehead, Terence R.; Chester, J F; Nelson, Robert G.; Wolford, Johanna K.; Jones, Lois I.; Juan, Rafael San; Lovelace, RobertE.; Loebel, J. Pierre; Luethe, C.; Pagliasotti, C.; Phillips, Lynnette M.; Sewemaenewa, J.; Sili, I.; Waseta, B.; Saad, Mohammed F.; Nicholas, Susanne B.; X, Guo; Rotter, J.; Taylor, Kevin; Chen, Y. D I; Budgett, M.; Hariri, Farzam; Muro, C Di; Ngo, K.; Zager, Philip G.; Shah, Vidhi; Scavini, Marina; Bobelu, Arlene; Abboud, Hanna E.; Arar, Nedal H.; Duggirala, Ravi; Kasinath, Balakuntalam S.; Plaetke, Rosemarie; Stern, M.; Jenkinson, Carl; Goyes, C.; Sartorio, V.; Abboud, T. K.; Hernandez, Leonardo; Freedman, B I; Bowden, Donald W.; Satko, S. C.; Rich, Stephen S.; Warren, Sherwyn E.; Viverette, S.; Brooks, Geo. F.; Young, R.; Spainhour, Mitzie; Köhn, O.; Brown, C. A.; Leehey, David J.; Barone, Gary W.; Thornley‐Brown, Denyse; Jefferson, C.; Turner, Violet; Winkler, Cornelia; Smith, M. W.; Thompson, Martin W.; Hanson, Robert L.; Kessing, Bailey; Briggs, Josephine P.; Rasooly, Rebekah S.; Warnock, David G.; Chakraborty, Rajib; Dunston, Georgia M.; O’Brien, Stephen J.; Spielman, Richard S.

doi:10.2215/cjn.01030207

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Samples were stored at room temperature and a urinalysis was performed within 4 h. Hematuria was defined as >30 erythrocytes/high power field (HPF; 40× objective), pyuria as >5 leukocytes/HPF and bacteriuria as the presence of any microscopically detected bacteria; dogs with any of these findings were excluded from the proteinuria analyses. A UPC was performed the same day (48 samples) or on an aliquot that had been stored at −80 °C (nine samples) for up to 18 months (Parekh et al, 2007). Urine protein was determined using a colorimetric method and urine creatinine was determined by a modified Jaffe procedure on an automated chemistry analyzer (OSU group: Roche Hitachi 911 Chemistry analyzer, Roche Diagnostics; UMN group: AU480 Chemistry analyzer, Beckman Coulter).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteinuria and lipoprotein lipase activity in Miniature Schnauzer dogs with and without hypertriglyceridemia

Furrow

Jaeger

Parker

et al. 2016

The Veterinary Journal

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Spontaneous hyperlipidemia in rats causes glomerular disease. Idiopathic hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is prevalent in Miniature schnauzers, but its relationship with proteinuria is unknown. Decreased activity of major lipid metabolism enzymes, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL), may play a role in the cyclic relationship between hyperlipidemia and proteinuria. These enzymes have also not been previously investigated in Miniature shnauzers. The aims of this study were to determine the relationship between HTG and proteinuria in Miniature schnauzers and to measure LPL and HL activities in a subset of dogs. Fifty-seven Miniature schnauzers were recruited (34 with and 23 without HTG). Fasting serum triglyceride concentrations and urine protein-to-creatinine ratios (UPC) were measured in all dogs, and LPL and HL activities were determined in 17 dogs (8 with and 9 without HTG). There was a strong positive correlation between triglyceride concentration and UPC (r = 0.77–0.83, P < 0.001). Proteinuria (UPC ≥ 0.5) was present in 60% of dogs with HTG and absent from all dogs without HTG (P < 0.001). Proteinuric dogs were not azotemic or hypoalbuminemic. Dogs with HTG had a 65% reduction in LPL activity relative to dogs without HTG (P < 0.001); HL activity did not differ. Proteinuria occurs with HTG in Miniature schnauzers and could be due to lipid-induced glomerular injury. Reduced LPL activity may contribute to the severity of HTG, but further assay validation is required.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteinuria and lipoprotein lipase activity in Miniature Schnauzer dogs with and without hypertriglyceridemia

Furrow

Jaeger

Parker

et al. 2016

The Veterinary Journal

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“…An extended storage period may be associated with sample degradation over time. The general contemporary consensus is that biosamples stored at 220°C for long periods of time are not recommended for use in scientific studies of biomarkers, given the known degradation of common analytes over time (4)(5)(6). An important reason samples stored at 220°C are suboptimal is that freeze-thaw cycles can still occur at 220°C.…”

Section: Biomarker Degradation During Long-term Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Disciplinary Biomarkers Research

Hsu

Ballard

Batlle

et al. 2015

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Significant advances are needed to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of persons with CKD. Discovery of new biomarkers and improvements in currently available biomarkers for CKD hold great promise to achieve these necessary advances. Interest in identification and evaluation of biomarkers for CKD has increased substantially over the past decade. In 2009, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases established the CKD Biomarkers Consortium (http://www.ckdbiomarkersconsortium.org/), a multidisciplinary, collaborative study group located at over a dozen academic medical centers. The main objective of the consortium was to evaluate new biomarkers for purposes related to CKD in established prospective cohorts, including those enriched for CKD. During the first 5 years of the consortium, many insights into collaborative biomarker research were gained that may be useful to other investigators involved in biomarkers research. These lessons learned are outlined in this Special Feature and include a wide range of issues related to biospecimen collection, storage, and retrieval, and the internal and external quality assessment of laboratories that performed the assays. The authors propose that investigations involving biomarker discovery and validation are greatly enhanced by establishing and following explicit quality control metrics, including the use of blind replicate and proficiency samples, by carefully considering the conditions under which specimens are collected, handled, and stored, and by conducting pilot and feasibility studies when there are concerns about the condition of the specimens or the accuracy or reproducibility of the assays.

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“…Urine specimens demonstrate a high degree of variability in volume, protein concentration (particularly in the case of kidney damage or dysfunction), total protein excreted, pH (ranges from 4 to 8), as well as variability in urine components due to age, health, diet, or other factors, proteolysis while the urine stored in the bladder; and degradation of collected urine samples upon storage (25). The range of values observed for these properties is high not only from person to person (26, 27), but also within each individual.…”

Section: Challenges In Urine Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urine Collection and Processing for Protein Biomarker Discovery and Quantification

Thomas

Sexton

Benson

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

112

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Background: Urine is a useful source of protein for biomarker discovery and assessment because it is readily available, can be obtained by noninvasive collection methods, and enables monitoring of a wide range of physiologic processes and diseases. Urine aliquots provide enough protein for multiple analyses, combining current protocols with new techniques.Conclusions: Standardized collection and processing protocols are now being established and new methods for protein detection and quantification are emerging to complement traditional immunoassays. The current state of urine collection, specimen processing, and storage is reviewed with regard to discovery and quantification of protein biomarkers for cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(4); 953-9. ©2010 AACR.

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Reliability of Urinary Albumin, Total Protein, and Creatinine Assays after Prolonged Storage

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Proteinuria and lipoprotein lipase activity in Miniature Schnauzer dogs with and without hypertriglyceridemia

Proteinuria and lipoprotein lipase activity in Miniature Schnauzer dogs with and without hypertriglyceridemia

Cross-Disciplinary Biomarkers Research

Urine Collection and Processing for Protein Biomarker Discovery and Quantification

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