Reliability of traditional and task specific reference tasks to assess peak muscle activation during two different sprint cycling tests

Kordi, Mehdi; Folland, Jonathan P.; Goodall, Stuart; Barratt, Paul; Howatson, Glyn

doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2019.03.008

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…The effort with the highest peak instantaneous cumulative (ie, sum of right and left crank) mechanical torque output (for each side) was used for analysis. The reliability of this assessment is good (CV = 3.9%) 18 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cycling‐specific isometric resistance training improves peak power output in elite sprint cyclists

Kordi

Folland

Goodall

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Introduction This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a 6‐week cycling‐specific, isometric resistance training program on peak power output (PPO) in elite cyclists. Methods Twenty‐four elite track sprint cyclists were allocated to EXP (n = 13, PPO, 1537 ± 307 W) and CON (n = 11, PPO, 1541 ± 389 W) groups. All participants completed a 6‐week training program; training content was identical except participants in the EXP group replaced their usual compound lower body resistance training exercise with a cycling‐specific, isometric resistance training stimulus. Cycling PPO, knee extensor and cycling‐specific isometric strength, and measures of muscle architecture were assessed pre‐ and post‐training. Results In EXP, absolute and relative PPO increased (46 ± 62 W and 0.8 ± 0.7 W/kg, P < .05), and the change in relative PPO was different to CON (−0.1 ± 1.0 W/kg, group × time interaction P = .02). The increase in PPO was concurrent with an increase in extrapolated maximal torque in EXP (7.1 ± 6.5 Nm, P = .007), but the effect was not different from the change in CON (2.4 ± 9.7 Nm, group × time P = .14). Cycling‐specific isometric strength also increased more in EXP (group × time P = .002). There were no other between‐group differences in response to training. Conclusion A 6‐week novel, cycling‐specific isometric resistance training period improved PPO in a group of elite sprint cyclists by 3%‐4%. These data support the use of a cycling‐specific isometric resistance training stimulus in the preparation programs of world‐class cyclists.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cycling‐specific isometric resistance training improves peak power output in elite sprint cyclists

Kordi

Folland

Goodall

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

Self Cite

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“…However, currently there is no agreement between researchers on what is the best normalisation procedure to use (Burden & Bartlett, 1999;Hug, 2011). Several cycling specific EMG normalisation methods have been developed these include: normalising EMG activity to on-bicycle static isometric maximum voluntary contractions (MVC's) (Hunter et al, 2002;Kordi et al, 2019) and normalising EMG activity to the maximum EMG activity during a maximal sprint on a bicycle (Albertus-Kajee et al, 2010;Rouffet & Hautier, 2008).…”

Section: Emg Normalisation Methods For Maximal Cycling Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourteen track sprint cyclists (the same participants as Chapter 5) performed on bicycle isometric MVCs on a custom-made cycling ergometer (BAE Systems, London, UK) that could be adjusted to make it isometric by fixing the cast iron flywheel -this was the same ergometer as used in (Kordi et al, 2019). The ergometer was set up to replicate each participant's track bicycle position and the left crank was fixed at 90° from TDC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EMG signals for all muscles were recorded continuously throughout the MVCs. The raw EMG signals for the MVC efforts were root mean squared (RMS, 200 ms window) (Kordi et al, 2019) and the peak value in rms EMG signal for each muscle was taken as the isometric…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MVCs performed on a dynamometer with multi-joint isometric cycling task MVCs on a cycling ergometer (Kordi, Folland, Goodall, Barratt, & Howatson, 2019). They concluded that isometric reference tasks may not be suitable to ascertain changes in peak muscle action over time in sprint cycling tests (Kordi et al, 2019).…”

Section: Muscle Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of strength training on intermuscular coordination during maximal cycling

Burnie¹

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In natural movement tasks individual muscles are seldom required to generate force in isolation and instead most functional movements arise from the cooperation of several muscles acting together – intermuscular coordination. Contemporary studies of movement coordination are often undertaken using the ecological dynamics theoretical framework and Newell’s model of constraints. Ecological dynamics examines human performance from a person-environment scale of analysis considering how people interact with a specific task and the performance environment, and the role these constraints play in the emergent coordination patterns. Pedalling is an ideal task to study intermuscular coordination since it is a natural movement task that can be accurately manipulated. Sprint cyclists often undertake gym-based strength training to increase muscle strength and size. Therefore, the aim of this programme of research was to understand how cyclists adapt their intermuscular coordination patterns during maximal cycling owing to changing organismic constraints (muscle size, strength and fatigue) caused by the gym-based strength training using the theoretical framework of ecological dynamics. In accordance with the theoretical framework of ecological dynamics and Newell’s model of constraints this programme of research highlighted the influence of the constraints acting on the cyclists’ coordination patterns that emerge. Different movement and coordination patterns were observed for maximal cycling when the task constraints were changed from sprinting on a fixed ergometer in the laboratory to a track bicycle in the velodrome. This finding implies it is important to undertake biomechanical analyses of movement organisation in elite sports practice in a representative environment. Also, following a gym-based strength training intervention the cyclists’ crank power increased, but there were no changes in joint moments, power or muscle activation which suggested that the cyclists might adopt individual coordination strategies following the change in their organismic constraints after the strength training intervention.

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Reliability of electromyography during 2000 m rowing ergometry

et al. 2022

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Purpose This study aimed to investigate the reliability of surface electromyography (EMG) assessed at seven muscles during three repeated 2000 m rowing ergometer sessions. Methods Twelve male well-trained rowers participated in a repeated measures design, performing three 2000 m rowing ergometer sessions interspersed by 3–7 days (S1, S2, S3). Surface electrodes were attached to the gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, erector spinae, vastus medialis, rectus abdominis and latissimus dorsi for EMG analysis. Results No differences existed between 2000 m sessions for EMG amplitude for any of the seven muscles (p = 0.146–0.979). Mean coefficient of variation of EMG for 6 of 7 muscles was ‘acceptable’ (12.3–18.6%), although classed as ‘weak’ for gastrocnemius (28.6%). Mean intra-class correlation coefficient values across muscles ranged from ‘moderate’ to ‘very large’ (0.31–0.89). Within-session EMG activation rates of vastus medialis were greater during 0–500 m and 1500–2000 m segments, compared with 500–1000 m and 1000–1500 m (p < 0.05). Values for biceps femoris and gluteus maximus were significantly higher during 1500–2000 m compared to 500–1000 m and 1000–1500 m (p < 0.05). The general pattern was for higher activation rates during 0–500 m and 1500–2000 m compared to 500–1000 m and 1000–1500 m. However, there were no between-sessions differences in EMG for any of the 500 m segments (p > 0.05). Conclusion Reliability of EMG values over repeated 2000 m sessions was generally ‘acceptable’. However, EMG was seemingly not sensitive enough to detect potential changes in neural activation between-sessions, with respect to changes in pacing strategy.

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Reliability of traditional and task specific reference tasks to assess peak muscle activation during two different sprint cycling tests

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Cycling‐specific isometric resistance training improves peak power output in elite sprint cyclists

Cycling‐specific isometric resistance training improves peak power output in elite sprint cyclists

The effects of strength training on intermuscular coordination during maximal cycling

Reliability of electromyography during 2000 m rowing ergometry

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