Reliability of the NIH toolbox cognitive battery in children and adolescents: a 3-year longitudinal examination

Taylor, Brittany K.; Frenzel, Michaela R.; Eastman, Jacob A.; Wiesman, Alex I.; Wang, Yu Ping; Calhoun, Vince D.; Stephen, Julia M.; Wilson, Tony W.

doi:10.1017/s0033291720003487

Cited by 36 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However the association with sibling might have differed in a population that had higher representation from families with very low incomes. Finally, the recently reported low reliability of the NIH-Toolbox cognitive battery [ 64 ], which will require further re-assesement, might limit the robustness of findings pertaining to cognition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of family income with cognition and brain structure in USA children: prevention implications

Tomasi

Volkow

2021

Mol Psychiatry

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Poverty, as assessed by several socioeconomic (SES) factors, has been linked to worse cognitive performance and reduced cortical brain volumes in children. However, the relative contributions of the various SES factors on brain development and the mediating effects between cognition and brain morphometry have not been investigated. Here we used cross-sectional data from the ABCD Study to evaluate associations among various SES and demographic factors, brain morphometrics, and cognition and their reproducibility in two independent subsamples of 3892 children. Among the SES factors, family income (FI) best explained individual differences in cognitive test scores (stronger for crystallized than for fluid cognition), cortical volume (CV), and thickness (CT). Other SES factors that showed significant associations with cognition and brain morphometrics included parental education and neighborhood deprivation, but when controlling for FI, their effect sizes were negligible and their regional brain patterns were not reproducible. Mediation analyses showed that cognitive scores, which we used as surrogate markers of the children’s level of cognitive stimulation, partially mediated the association of FI and CT, whereas the mediations of brain morphometrics on the association of FI and cognition were not significant. These results suggest that lack of supportive/educational stimulation in children from low-income families might drive the reduced CV and CT. Thus, strategies to enhance parental supportive stimulation and the quality of education for children in low-income families could help counteract the negative effects of poverty on children’s brain development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of family income with cognition and brain structure in USA children: prevention implications

Tomasi

Volkow

2021

Mol Psychiatry

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“…Measurement error will clearly not be the only source of difference for many measurements that are separated by years or in samples that are developing rapidly ( Streiner and Norman, 2008 ). Studies of psychiatric diagnoses and psychopathology in adolescents and adults have reported a wide range of stabilities ( Blázquez et al, 2019 ; Olino et al, 2018 ; Pettit et al, 2005 ; Shankman et al, 2017 ), as have studies of cognition in adolescents ( Taylor et al, 2020 ), suggesting that a stability estimate greater than 0.7 is not necessary for a measurement to reflect meaningful individual differences. Prior work has observed that fMRI activation can be within this range when certain contrasts are used (see the Discussion above), yet the same benchmarks are likely inappropriate for stability across several years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The longitudinal stability of fMRI activation during reward processing in adolescents and young adults

et al. 2021

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Background: The use of functional neuroimaging has been an extremely fruitful avenue for investigating the neural basis of human reward function. This approach has included identification of potential neurobiological mechanisms of psychiatric disease and examination of environmental, experiential, and biological factors that may contribute to disease risk via effects on the reward system. However, a central and largely unexamined assumption of much of this research is that neural reward function is an individual difference characteristic that is relatively stable and trait-like over time. Methods: In two independent samples of adolescents and young adults studied longitudinally ( Ns = 145 & 139, 100% female and 100% male, ages 15–21 and 20–22, 2–4 scans and 2 scans respectively), we tested within-person stability of reward-task BOLD activation, with a median of 1 and 2 years between scans. We examined multiple commonly used contrasts of active states and baseline in both the anticipation and feedback phases of a card-guessing reward task. We examined the effects of cortical parcellation resolution, contrast, network (reward regions and resting-state networks), region-size, and activation strength and variability on the stability of reward-related activation. Results: In both samples, contrasts of an active state relative to a baseline were more stable (ICC: intra-class correlation; e.g., Win>Baseline; mean ICC = 0.13 – 0.33) than contrasts of two active states (e.g., Win>Loss; mean ICC = 0.048 – 0.05). Additionally, activation in reward regions was less stable than in many non-task networks (e.g., dorsal attention), and activation in regions with greater between-subject variability showed higher stability in both samples. Conclusions: These results show that some contrasts from functional neuroimaging activation during a card guessing reward task have partially trait-like properties in adolescent and young adult samples over 1–2 years. Notably, results suggest that contrasts intended to map cognitive function and show robust group-level effects (i.e. Win > Loss) may be less effective in studies of individual differences and disease risk. The robustness of group-level activation should be weighed against other factors when selecting regions of interest in individual difference fMRI studies.

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“…Families who were enrolled in ongoing longitudinal studies of neurocognitive development in youth ( Taylor et al, 2020 ; Stephen et al, 2021 ) were invited to remotely complete online surveys following COVID-19 lockdowns. A total of 37 unique families in the greater Omaha, Nebraska area completed the present sub-study examining social and psychological repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increases in Stressors Prior to-Versus During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States Are Associated With Depression Among Middle-Aged Mothers

et al. 2021

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Working parents in are struggling to balance the demands of their occupation with those of childcare and homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, studies show that women are shouldering more of the burden and reporting greater levels of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression relative to men. However, research has yet to show that increases in psychological symptoms are linked to changes in stress during the pandemic. Herein, we conduct a small-N study to explore the associations between stress and psychological symptoms during the pandemic among mothers using structural equation modeling, namely latent change score models. Thirty-three mothers completed questionnaires reporting current anxious and depressive symptoms (Beck Anxiety and Depression Index, respectively), as well as stressful life experiences prior to-versus during the pandemic (Social Readjustment Rating Scale). Women endorsed significantly more stressful events during the pandemic, relative to the pre-pandemic period. Additionally, 58% of mothers scored as moderate-to-high risk for developing a stress-related physical illness in the near future because of their pandemic-level stress. Depressive symptoms were associated with the degree of change in life stress, whereas anxiety symptoms were more related to pre-pandemic levels of stress. The present study preliminarily sheds light on the nuanced antecedents to mothers’ experiences of anxious and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although further work is needed in larger, more diverse samples of mothers, this study highlights the potential need for appropriate policies, and prevention and intervention programs to ameliorate the effects of pandemics on mothers’ mental health.

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Reliability of the NIH toolbox cognitive battery in children and adolescents: a 3-year longitudinal examination

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

Associations of family income with cognition and brain structure in USA children: prevention implications

Associations of family income with cognition and brain structure in USA children: prevention implications

The longitudinal stability of fMRI activation during reward processing in adolescents and young adults

Increases in Stressors Prior to-Versus During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States Are Associated With Depression Among Middle-Aged Mothers

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