Reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale and the Modified Ashworth Scale in adult patients with severe brain injury: a comparison study

Mehrholz, Jan; Wagner, Katja; Meißner, Daniel; Grundmann, Kay; Zange, Christian; Koch, Rainer; Pohl, Marcus

doi:10.1191/0269215505cr889oa

Cited by 223 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In our target group, the MAS showed a better test-retest and interrater reliability than the MTS, which contradicts the results of Gielen (2005) and Mehrholz et al (2005). In the study of Gielen (2005), for the MAS the test-retest reliability calculated with Spearman's rho ranged from 0.66 to 0.81 (our study: 0.76-0.86) and the interrater reliability from 0.67 to 0.80 (our study: 0.86-0.91).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility, test–retest reliability, and interrater reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale and Modified Tardieu Scale in persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities

Waninge¹,

Rook²,

Dijkhuizen³

et al. 2011

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The MTS also shows more reliability than the MAS in adults with severe brain injury and spasticity (Mehrholz et al, 2005). Haugh et al (2006) stated that further studies need to be undertaken to clarify the validity and reliability of the MTS and the MAS for a variety of muscle groups in adult neurological patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility, test–retest reliability, and interrater reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale and Modified Tardieu Scale in persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities

Waninge¹,

Rook²,

Dijkhuizen³

et al. 2011

Research in Developmental Disabilities

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Although this scale seems more accurate than the MAS, its validity still needs to be demonstrated [54]. The Modified Tardieu Scale tends to be more sensitive in the detection of post-treatment changes because it measures muscle resistance as well as the velocity of the movement that induces muscular contraction [53,55,56]. When comparing the two scales, the distribution of the mean scores correlates poorly [53].…”

Section: Modified Tardieu Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this scale, spasticity is assessed with three velocities (low, normal and fast) and the snap angle is reported as the angle of retraction [42,52,53] ( Table II). Although this scale seems more accurate than the MAS, its validity still needs to be demonstrated [54].…”

Section: Modified Tardieu Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Spasticity after stroke: Physiology, assessment and treatment

et al. 2013

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Background: Spasticity following a stroke occurs in about 30% of patients. The mechanisms underlying this disorder, however, are not well understood. Method: This review aims to define spasticity, describe hypotheses explaining its development after a stroke, give an overview of related neuroimaging studies as well as a description of the most common scales used to quantify the degree of spasticity and finally explore which treatments are currently being used to treat this disorder. Results: The lack of consensus is highlighted on the basis of spasticity and the associated absence of guidelines for treatment, use of drugs and rehabilitation programmes. Conclusions: Future studies require controlled protocols to determine the efficiency of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for spasticity. Neuroimaging may help predict the occurrence of spasticity and could provide insight into its neurological basis.

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“…For measuring muscle tone, the MTS seems the most objective. It measures the stretch reflex induced catching angle when a joint is moved through its range of motion at different velocities [132].…”

Section: Stroke and Rehabilitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of novel devices for upper-extremity rehabilitation

Stienen¹

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S U M M A R YThe goal of this dissertation was to improve rehabilitation robots by developing new patient-friendly devices which can assist therapists in the rehabilitation of neurological movement disorders of the upper extremities, such as hemiparetic stroke. In all, three novel rehabilitation devices were developed. Given the changing demographics of developed nations, over the next two decades fewer therapists will be available to treat an increasing number of stroke patients. With patient-friendly robots assisting therapists, proven therapeutic exercises can be automated and new and better targeted interventions developed and tested. In addition to facilitating therapy sessions, robots can provide objective measurement of impairment. Overall, robots can make therapy more productive for patients and less labor-intensive for therapists, and provide physicians, therapists and the scientific community with more objective data.To handle the wide range of impairments found in hemiparetic stroke patients, multiple devices are needed. Mildly impaired patients may have a near-normal range of motion, but have problems with fine motor control or moving heavier objects. Severely affected patients may not be able to even lift the weight of their own arm. Despite these differences, certain general strategies appear to work best. First and foremost, rehabilitation therapy works best when the patient is actively and intensively involved. Exercises should use repetitive movements that closely resemble those used in daily living for best results in reshaping the recovering brain.Studying motor learning in healthy subjects supported the need for active patient involvement. Given the artificial motor relearning task of moving in a visuomotor-rotated field, the healthy subject fully adapted when he could freely make, and correct, errors in their movement execution. On the other hand, active delivery of a passive hand to the targets resulted in much less and much slower adaptation. In between lay the adaptation achieved with hard and soft guidance of the hand over virtual tracks. The conclusion is that both minimization of execution errors and control effort drive kinematical adaptation in a novel visuomotor task, but the latter occurs at a much slower rate.Should the patient not be assisted at all? Perhaps the type of assistance is important. For instance, weight support of the arm facilitates movement, but movement initialization and control are left unchanged. Most rehabilitation devices for upper extremities include some form of weight support. An analysis of these devices concluded that weight support is most easily realized through a cablesuspension system that supports the arm via slings. However, the best possible solution for weight support depends on the primary design of the device. Careful upfront consideration of various design options will lead to better choices.The first rehabilitation device was designed using this knowledge. The Freebal is a dedicated weight-support system that is less complex and has less movem...

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Reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale and the Modified Ashworth Scale in adult patients with severe brain injury: a comparison study

Abstract: In patients with severe brain injury and impaired consciousness the Modified Tardieu Scale provides higher test retest and inter-rater reliability compared with the Modified Ashworth Scale and may therefore be a more valid spasticity scale in adults.

Cited by 223 publications

References 29 publications

Feasibility, test–retest reliability, and interrater reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale and Modified Tardieu Scale in persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities

Feasibility, test–retest reliability, and interrater reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale and Modified Tardieu Scale in persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities

Spasticity after stroke: Physiology, assessment and treatment

Development of novel devices for upper-extremity rehabilitation

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