Reliability of the hyperaemic response to passive leg movement in young, healthy women

Lew, Lindsay A.; Liu, Kaitlyn R.; Pyke, Kyra E.

doi:10.1113/ep089629

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Data reflecting the reliability of PLM‐induced hyperemia in women were recently published in The Journal (Lew et al., 2021). Prior to this article by Lew and colleagues (Lew et al., 2021), the only available PLM reliability data were presented in a 2017 abstract that included only partial reliability statistics on a group of 15 men and two women (Groot et al., 2017), as well as in a small ( n = 4) subset of participants published by Venturelli et al. (2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reliability was then analyzed using coefficient of variation (CV), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and standard error of the measurement (SEM) (Atkinson & Nevill, 1998). Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), while not a true measure of reliability, were included in order to compare the current results to the recently published study, in women, by Lew et al (2021). The CV were calculated to represent intrasubject variation between the three measurements performed each within-day and between-day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data reflecting the reliability of PLM-induced hyperemia in women were recently published in The Journal (Lew et al, 2021). Prior to this article by Lew and colleagues (Lew et al, 2021), the only available PLM reliability data were presented in a 2017 abstract that included only partial reliability statistics on a group of 15 men and two women (Groot et al, 2017), as well as in a small (n = 4) subset of participants published by Venturelli et al (2017). The abstract by Groot et al reported Pearons's correlation coefficients, while not a true assessment of reliability, were calculated for both within and between-day trials, with the latter (PLM 1 vs. PLM 4, Figure 2) used for comparison with those data published in women by Lew et al In men the betweenday baseline LBF correlation (r = 0.66, P < 0.001; Figure 2a) was similar to women (r = 0.60, P < 0.05).…”

Section: Comparison To Plm Reliability In Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2017), after which no supporting data were published until the recent study by Lew et al. (2021) in a group of seventeen young women. Therefore, there has yet to be a complete report of the reliability of PLM in men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, while the ability of PLM to detect differences in vascular function between groups has been established, reports concerning the reliability of PLM in the literature are both scarce and incomplete. A brief report of PLM reliability was presented in abstract form by Groot et al (2017), then again in a small sample (n = 4) by Venturelli et al (2017), after which no supporting data were published until the recent study by Lew et al (2021) in a group of seventeen young women. Therefore, there has yet to be a complete…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability of the passive leg movement assessment of vascular function in men

Groot

Broxterman

Gifford

et al. 2022

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings What is the central question of this study?Use of the passive leg movement (PLM) test, a non‐invasive assessment of microvascular function, is on the rise. However, PLM reliability in men has not been adequately investigated, nor has such reliability data, in men, been compared to the most commonly employed vascular function assessment, flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD). What is the main finding and its importance?PLM is a reliable method to assess vascular function in men, and is comparable to values previously reported for PLM in women, and for FMD. Given the importance of vascular function as a predictor of cardiovascular disease risk, these data support the utility of PLM as a clinically relevant measurement. Abstract Although vascular function is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease risk, and therefore has significant prognostic value, there is currently not a single clinically accepted method of assessment. The passive leg movement (PLM) assessment predominantly reflects microvascular endothelium‐dependent vasodilation and can identify decrements in vascular function with advancing age and pathology. Reliability of the PLM model was only recently determined in women, and has not been adequately investigated in men. Twenty healthy men (age: 27 ± 2 year) were studied on three separate experimental days, resulting in three within‐day and three between‐day trials. The hyperemic response to PLM was assessed with Doppler ultrasound, and expressed as the absolute peak in leg blood flow (LBFpeak), change from baseline to peak (ΔLBFpeak), absolute area under the curve (LBFAUC), and change in AUC from baseline (ΔLBFAUC). PLM‐induced hyperemia yielded within‐day coefficients of variation (CV) from 10.9 to 22.9%, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) from 0.82 to 0.90, standard error of the measurement (SEM) from 8.3 to 17.2%, and Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) from 0.56 to 0.81. Between‐day assessments of PLM hyperemia resulted in CV from 14.4 to 25%, ICC from 0.75 to 0.87, SEM from 9.8 to 19.8%, and r from 0.46 to 0.75. Similar to previous reports in women, the hyperemic responses to PLM in men display moderate‐to‐high reliability, and are comparable to reliability data for brachial artery flow mediated vasodilation. These positive reliability findings further support the utility of PLM as a clinical measurement of vascular function and cardiovascular disease risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison To Plm Reliability In Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability of the passive leg movement assessment of vascular function in men

Groot

Broxterman

Gifford

et al. 2022

Experimental Physiology

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Associations between noninvasive upper- and lower-limb vascular function assessments: extending the evidence to young women

D’Agata

Hoopes

Witman

2022

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Brachial artery (BA) flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a well-established measure of peripheral vascular function prognostic of future cardiovascular events. The vasodilatory response to FMD (FMD%) reflects upper-limb conduit artery function, while reactive hyperemia (RH) following cuff-occlusion release reflects upper-limb resistance artery function. Comparatively, passive leg movement (PLM) is a newer, increasingly utilized assessment of lower-limb resistance artery function. To increase its clinical utility, PLM-induced leg blood flow (LBF) responses have been compared to hemodynamic responses to FMD, but only in men. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare LBF responses to FMD% and RH responses in women. We hypothesized that LBF responses would be positively associated with both FMD% and RH, but to a greater extent with RH. FMD and PLM were performed on 72 women (23±4 years). Arterial diameter and blood velocity were assessed using Doppler ultrasound. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate associations. Measures of resistance artery function were weakly positively associated: change in BA blood flow ∆BABF and ∆LBF (r=0.33, p<0.01), BABF area under the curve (BABF AUC) and LBF AUC (r=0.33, p<0.01), and BABFpeak and LBFpeak (r=0.37, p<0.01). However, FMD% was not associated with any index of PLM (all p>0.30). In women, indices of resistance artery function in the upper- and lower-limbs were positively associated. However, contrary to the previous work in men, upper-limb conduit artery function was not associated with lower-limb resistance artery function suggesting these assessments capture different aspects of vascular function and should not be used interchangeably in women.

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Pharmacological modulation of adrenergic tone alters the vasodilatory response to passive leg movement in young but not in old adults

Fermoyle

Salle

Alpenglow

et al. 2023

Journal of Applied Physiology

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The age-related increase in α-adrenergic tone may contribute to decreased leg vascular conductance (LVC) both at rest and during exercise in the old. However, the effect on passive leg movement (PLM)-induced LVC, a measure of vascular function, which is markedly attenuated in this population, is unknown. Thus, in 8 young (25±5y) and 7 old (65±7y) subjects, this investigation examined the impact of systemic β-adrenergic blockade (propanalol, PROP) alone, and PROP combined with either α1-adrenergic stimulation (phenylephrine, PE) or α-adrenergic inhibition (phentolamine, PHEN), on PLM-induced vasodilation. LVC, calculated from femoral artery blood flow and pressure, was determined and PLM-induced delta peak (LVC∆peak) and total vasodilation (LVCAUC, area under curve) documented. PROP decreased LVC∆peak (PROP: 4.8±1.8, Saline: 7.7±2.7ml/mmHg, P<0.001) and LVCAUC (PROP: 1.1±0.7, Saline: 2.4±1.6ml/mmHg, P=0.002) in the young, but not the old (LVC∆peak, P=0.931; LVC AUC, P=0.999). PE reduced baseline LVC (PE: 1.6±0.4, PROP: 2.3±0.4 ml/min/mmHg, P<0.01), LVC∆peak (PE: 3.2±1.3, PROP: 4.8±1.8ml/min/mmHg, P=0.004) and LVCAUC(PE: 0.5±0.4, PROP: 1.1±0.7ml/mmHg, P=0.011) in the young, but not the old (baseline LVC, P=0.199; LVC∆peak, P=0.904; LVCAUC, P=0.823). PHEN increased LVC at rest and throughout PLM in both groups (drug effect: P<0.05), however LVC∆peak was only improved in the young (PHEN: 6.4±3.1, PROP: 4.4±1.5ml/min/mmHg, P=0.004), and not the old (P=0.904). Furthermore, the magnitude of α-adrenergic modulation (PHEN - PE) of LVC∆peak was greater in the young compared to the old (Young: 3.35±2.32, Old: 0.40±1.59ml/min/mmHg, P=0.019). Therefore, elevated α-adrenergic tone does not appear to contribute to the attenuated vascular function with age identified by PLM.

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Reliability of the hyperaemic response to passive leg movement in young, healthy women

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Reliability of the passive leg movement assessment of vascular function in men

Reliability of the passive leg movement assessment of vascular function in men

Associations between noninvasive upper- and lower-limb vascular function assessments: extending the evidence to young women

Pharmacological modulation of adrenergic tone alters the vasodilatory response to passive leg movement in young but not in old adults

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