“…In Turkey, there are both organized and opportunistic programs, but the opportunistic approach is employed to a higher degree. An organized screening program implemented in 2004 was characterized by low coverage and redesigned in 2014 to include primary HPV testing, with the additional implementation of HPV vaccination being debated as well [312,315,316,317,318]. Besides Turkey, other countries covered in this review that have yet to implement an HPV vaccination program are Bulgaria, Poland, Romania and Slovakia, indicating that HPV vaccination programs have been adopted by the majority of members of the E.U.…”