Reliability of medial-longitudinal-arch measures for skin-markers based kinematic analysis

Caravaggi, Paolo; Matias, Alessandra B.; Taddei, Ulisses T.; Ortolani, Maurizio; Leardini, Alberto; Sacco, Isabel C. N.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.03.017

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The geometrical definitions of MLA and MTP joint angle were based on skin-markers located on the calcaneus (Cal), sustentaculum tali (ST), base of the first metatarsal bone (FMB), head of the first metatarsal bone (FMH), and distal end of the first proximal phalanx (PM) 40 , 42 . The MLA and MTP joint measurements were calculated as angles between the projections of two vectors on the sagittal plane of the foot overall and the forefoot segment, respectively, as defined in Leardini et al 40 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the MLA angle, the vector on the proximal segment is bounded by marker Cal_proj and ST, where Cal_proj is the projection of Cal on the x–y plane of the foot. The vector on the distal segment is bounded by markers ST and FMH 42 . For the MTP joint, the vector on the proximal segment is bounded by marker FMB and FMH, and the vector on the distal segment is bounded by markers FMH and PM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the upward curvature of toe springs on walking biomechanics in humans

Sichting

Holowka

Hansen

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Although most features of modern footwear have been intensively studied, there has been almost no research on the effects of toe springs. This nearly ubiquitous upward curvature of the sole at the front of the shoe elevates the toe box dorsally above the ground and thereby holds the toes in a constantly dorsiflexed position. While it is generally recognized that toe springs facilitate the forefoot’s ability to roll forward at the end of stance, toe springs may also have some effect on natural foot function. This study investigated the effects of toe springs on foot biomechanics in a controlled experiment in which participants walked in specially-designed sandals with varying curvature in the toe region to simulate toe springs ranging from 10 to 40 degrees of curvature. Using inverse dynamics techniques, we found that toe springs alter the joint moments and work at the toes such that greater degrees of toe spring curvature resulted in lower work requirements during walking. Our results help explain why toe springs have been a pervasive feature in shoes for centuries but also suggest that toe springs may contribute to weakening of the foot muscles and possibly to increased susceptibility to common pathological conditions such as plantar fasciitis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the upward curvature of toe springs on walking biomechanics in humans

Sichting

Holowka

Hansen

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…We extracted the eight kinematic time series from the following joints: ankle in all three movement planes; medial longitudinal arch in sagittal plane (Caravaggi et al, 2019); 1 st metatarsophalangeal joint in sagittal plane (Met-Hal); the angle between the calcaneus and metatarsal bones (Cal-Met) in all planes.…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of Foot-Ankle Movement Patterns in Long-Distance Runners With Different Experience Levels Using Support Vector Machines

Suda

Watari

Matias

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Running practice could generate musculoskeletal adaptations that modify the body mechanics and generate different biomechanical patterns for individuals with distinct levels of experience. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether foot-ankle kinetic and kinematic patterns can be used to discriminate different levels of experience in running practice of recreational runners using a machine learning approach. Seventy-eight long-distance runners (40.7 ± 7.0 years) were classified into less experienced (n = 24), moderately experienced (n = 23), or experienced (n = 31) runners using a fuzzy classification system, based on training frequency, volume, competitions and practice time. Three-dimensional kinematics of the foot-ankle and ground reaction forces (GRF) were acquired while the subjects ran on an instrumented treadmill at a self-selected speed (9.5-10.5 km/h). The foot-ankle kinematic and kinetic time series underwent a principal component analysis for data reduction, and combined with the discrete GRF variables to serve as inputs in a support vector machine (SVM), to determine if the groups could be distinguished between them in a onevs.-all approach. The SVM models successfully classified all experience groups with significant crossvalidated accuracy rates and strong to very strong Matthew's correlation coefficients, based on features from the input data. Overall, foot mechanics was different according to running experience level. The main distinguishing kinematic factors for the less experienced group were a greater dorsiflexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and a larger plantarflexion angles between the calcaneus and metatarsals, whereas the experienced runners displayed the opposite pattern for the same joints. As for the moderately experienced runners, although they were successfully classified, they did not present a visually identifiable running pattern, and seem to be an intermediate group between the less and more experienced runners. The results of this study have the potential to assist the development of training programs targeting improvement in performance and rehabilitation protocols for preventing injuries.

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“…Further, the LA is consisted of lateral longitudinal arch (LLA) and medial longitudinal arch (MLA). Actually, the MLA has a more elastic structure and play a major role in the spring mechanism than the lateral longitudinal arch [18,31,32]. Therefore, the activation of MLA during jogging could cause that foot loading more concentrate in the MLA than LLA than that in fast walking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in loading patterns between fast walking and jogging at the same speed in male adults

Líu

Guo

et al. 2020

J Leather Sci Eng

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Fast walking and jogging are two common exercises for people to maintain health in daily life. But the differences in loading patterns of fast walking and jogging are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare loading patterns in fast walking and jogging at the same speed, and to identify how differences in foot mechanics influence plantar pressure distribution between the two modes of gait. Totally, 49 healthy males participated in this study. Data of pressure parameters, including maximum force (MF), peak pressure (PP), contact area (CA), force-time integral (FTI), were recorded by Pedar-X insole plantar pressure measurement system in participants' fast walking and jogging process at 7 km/h. A Load transfer analysis method was used to quantify the plantar load transference from fast walking to jogging. The results showed that MF, PP and CA increased in metatarsal regions and midfoot regions while decreased in toes regions and heel during jogging when compared with fast walking. FTI decreased in all foot regions during jogging compared to fast walking. Under the effects of spring mechanics and the varus of rearfoot during jogging, fast walking and jogging reveal different loading patterns. Compared jogging to fast walking, load transferred as follow: 1) in transverse direction, load transferred from lateral foot to medial foot in metatarsal regions and midfoot regions, 2) in longitudinal direction, load transferred from toes to the metatarsal, and from heel to the metatarsal and midfoot. These results also provide suggestions for footwear designs.

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Reliability of medial-longitudinal-arch measures for skin-markers based kinematic analysis

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of the upward curvature of toe springs on walking biomechanics in humans

Effect of the upward curvature of toe springs on walking biomechanics in humans

Recognition of Foot-Ankle Movement Patterns in Long-Distance Runners With Different Experience Levels Using Support Vector Machines

Differences in loading patterns between fast walking and jogging at the same speed in male adults

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