Reliability of ground reaction forces measured on a treadmill system in healthy dogs

Bockstahler, Barbara; Skalicky, Monika; Peham, Christian; Müller, Marion; Lorinson, D.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.10.004

Cited by 67 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, repeated-measure analysis of variance of the variance coefficient on dogs of different breeds on a treadmill regarding the stance time did not show any indication of a training effect (Bockstahler et al 2007); in accordance with this, we started to measure dogs when they showed habituation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…When a treadmill is used, velocity is preassigned and then animals cannot 'choose' speed; for this reason, the appropriate speed should be when different dogs move at the 'same dynamic status'. Given that a dog can walk at a wide range of velocities even at the same gait, data were obtained when dogs developed their maximum velocity at walk.The use of the treadmill with an integrated force platform allowed us to collect parameters under controlled conditions such as velocity or track characteristics, which contribute to obtain more homogenous data; in this way, influence of trial repetitions and deviations in velocity during the repetitions when using single force platform systems is nullified (Bockstahler et al 2007) . An important factor to take into account is the potential variation of parameters by means of the habituation of the animals to the device.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biomechanic characteristics of gait of four breeds of dogs with different conformations at walk on a treadmill

Vilar

Rubio

Carrillo

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Animal Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Principle of 'dynamic similarity' is frequently applied in biomechanic research as a tool to extrapolate data between animals from the same species, but, in dogs, different breeds entail different conformations. For that reason, comparison of dynamic parameters among dogs of different breeds should not be only based in weight and relative velocity. By means of the use of force platform and high-speed videography in 12 dogs corresponding with four breeds of different conformations, we showed how most of kinetic and kinematic variables are highly independent of weight or relative velocity and other factors as morphometric values and ratios are determinant.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanic characteristics of gait of four breeds of dogs with different conformations at walk on a treadmill

Vilar

Rubio

Carrillo

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Animal Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, kinetic variables such as the PVF and VI may also be influenced by velocity and acceleration, body weight, animal conformation, and musculoskeletal structure [2, 6, 7, 11, 12]. One strategy to minimize the variability is to normalize the vertical force with canine body weight [1, 3, 5, 6, 12], but differences in individual size and, consequently, the relative velocity can still interfere with the values [3, 4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic and temporospatial gait parameters in a heterogeneous group of dogs

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundA prime concern of the gait analysis in a heterogeneous group of dogs is the potential influence of factors such as individual body size, body mass, type of gait, and velocity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate in a heterogeneous group of dogs a possible correlation of the stride frequency with kinetic and temporospatial variables, as well as the percentage of body weight distribution (%BWD), and compare symmetry index (SI) between trotting and walking dogs. Twenty-nine clinically healthy dogs moving in a controlled velocity were used. The dogs were organized into two groups based on duty factor. Group 1 comprised 15 walking dogs, aged from 9 months to 8 years and weighing about 22.3 kg. Group 2 had 14 trotting dogs, aged from 1 to 6 years and weighing about 6.5 kg. The kinetic data and temporospatial parameters were obtained using a pressure-sensing walkway. The velocity was 0.9–1.1 m/s. The peak vertical force (PVF), vertical impulse (VI), gait cycle time, stance time, swing time, stride length, and percentages of body weight distribution among the four limbs were determined. For each variable, the SIs were calculated. Pearson’s coefficient was used to evaluate correlation between stride frequency and other variables, initially in each group and after including all animals.ResultsExcept for the %BWD (approximately 60 % for the forelimbs and 40 % for the hind limbs), all other parameters differed between groups. Considering each Group individually a strong correlation was observed for most of the temporospatial parameters, but no significant correlation occurred between stride frequency and PVF, and stride frequency and %BWD. However, including all dogs a strong correlation was observed in all temporospatial parameters, and moderate correlation between stride frequency and VI, and weak correlation between stride frequency and PVF. There was no correlation between stride frequency and %BWD. Groups 1 and 2 did not differ statistically in SIs.ConclusionsIn a heterogeneous group of dogs conducted at a controlled velocity, the %BWD and most of SIs presented low variability. However, %BWD seems to be the most accurate, since factors such as the magnitude of the variables may influence the SIs inducing wrong interpretation. Based on results obtained from correlations, the standardization of stride frequency could be an alternative to minimize the variability of temporospatial parameters.

show abstract

“…However, increases in locomotor speed are expected to be coupled with increases in muscle excitation in all of the extrinsic muscles, because with increasing speed the mechanical cost of transport increases (Cavagna et al, 1977;Willems et al, 1995) and the force impulse of a given footfall increases [e.g. in dogs (Budsberg et al, 1987;Rumph et al, 1994;Bertram et al, 2000;Bockstahler et al, 2007;Walter and Carrier, 2007;Mölsa et al, 2010;Voss et al, 2010)]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of extrinsic limb muscles in dogs at walk, trot and gallop

Deban

Schilling

Carrier

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe extrinsic limb muscles perform locomotor work and must adapt their activity to changes in gait and locomotor speed, which can alter the work performed by, and forces transmitted across, the proximal fulcra of the limbs where these muscles operate. We recorded electromyographic activity of 23 extrinsic forelimb and hindlimb muscles and one trunk muscle in dogs while they walked, trotted and galloped on a level treadmill. Muscle activity indicates that the basic functions of the extrinsic limb musclesprotraction, retraction and trunk support -are conserved among gaits. The forelimb retains its strut-like behavior in all gaits, as indicated by both the relative inactivity of the retractor muscles (e.g. the pectoralis profundus and the latissimus dorsi) during stance and the protractor muscles (e.g. the pectoralis superficialis and the omotransversarius) in the first half of stance. The hindlimb functions as a propulsive lever in all gaits, as revealed by the similar timing of activity of retractors (e.g. the biceps femoris and the gluteus medius) during stance. Excitation increased in many hindlimb muscles in the order walk-trot-gallop, consistent with greater propulsive impulses in faster gaits. Many forelimb muscles, in contrast, showed the greatest excitation at trot, in accord with a shorter limb oscillation period, greater locomotor work performed by the forelimb and presumably greater absorption of collisional energy.

show abstract

Reliability of ground reaction forces measured on a treadmill system in healthy dogs

Cited by 67 publications

References 16 publications

Biomechanic characteristics of gait of four breeds of dogs with different conformations at walk on a treadmill

Biomechanic characteristics of gait of four breeds of dogs with different conformations at walk on a treadmill

Kinetic and temporospatial gait parameters in a heterogeneous group of dogs

Activity of extrinsic limb muscles in dogs at walk, trot and gallop

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About