Reliability of field, greenhouse and cut‐shoot screening procedures for evaluating susceptibility of Scots pine to <i>Melampsora pinitorqua</i>

Quencez, Christine; Desprez-Loustau,; Bastien,

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0329.2001.00240.x

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Aspen is a far less abundant forest tree in Sweden. It is a primary coloniser and was chemically eradicated in many Swedish forests over a few decades in the mid twentieth century because of its association with Melampsora pinitorqua , a rust that has pine as its alternate host (Quencez et al 2001). The surveys were conducted in all parts of the country, and sampling naturally decreased with remoteness and increased with P. tremula density.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large scale geographic clines of parasite damage to Populus tremula L.

Albrectsen

Witzell²,

Robinson³

et al. 2010

Ecography

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According to the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution (GMTC), clines of traits reflecting local co‐adaptation (including resistance genes) should be common between a host and its parasite and should persist across time. To test the GMTC‐assumption of persistent clinal patterns we compared the natural prevalence of two parasites on aspen Populus tremula trees: mining moths of the genus Phyllocnistis and leaf rust Melampsora spp. Damage data were collated from the Swedish National Forest Damage Inventory (2004–2006). In addition, occurrence of the parasites was scored in field conditions in two common gardens in the north and south of Sweden over five growing seasons (2004–2008), then related to biomass (stem height and diameter) and to concentrations of eleven leaf phenolics. Phyllocnistis mainly occurred in the northern garden, a distribution range which was confirmed by the countrywide inventory, although Phyllocnistis was more abundant on southern clones, providing evidence for possible local maladaptation. Melampsora occurred all over the country and in both gardens, but built up more quickly on northern clones, which suggests a centre of local clone maladaptation in the north. Stem growth also followed a clinal pattern as did the concentration of three phenolic compounds: benzoic acid, catechin and cinnamic acid. However, only benzoic acid was related to parasite presence: negatively to Phyllocnistis and positively to Melampsora and it could thus be a potential trait under selection. In conclusion, clines of Phyllocnistis were stronger and more persistent compared to Melampsora, which showed contrasting clines of varying strength. Our data thus support the assumption of the GMTC model that clines exist in the border between hot and cold spots and that they may be less persistent for parasites with an elevated gene flow, and/or for parasites which cover relatively larger hot spots surrounded by fewer cold spots.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Populus tremula is often infected by leaf rusts belonging to the genus Melampsora (Quencez et al 2001). These rusts are typically macrocyclic and heteroecious, i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large scale geographic clines of parasite damage to Populus tremula L.

Albrectsen

Witzell²,

Robinson³

et al. 2010

Ecography

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“…This is important when developing the mixed-effects model. In this study, all possible combinations were fitted and then the best combination with convergence was selected according to the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), log-likelihood (Loglik) and the likelihood ratio test (LRT) [66,67]. The AIC, BIC and LRT are defined as follows:…”

Section: Construction Of Parameter Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Mixed-Effects Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model for Oaks (Quercus spp.) Considering Forest Structural Diversity

Wang

Zeng

Wang

et al. 2019

Forests

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In the context of uneven-aged mixed-species forest management, an individual-tree basal area increment model considering forest structural diversity was developed for oaks (Quercus spp.) using data collected from 11,860 observations in 845 sample plots from the 7th (2004), 8th (2009), and 9th (2014) Chinese National Forest Inventory in Hunan Province, south-central China. Since the data was longitudinal and had a nested structure, we used a linear mixed-effects approach to construct the model. We also used the variance function and an autocorrelation structure to describe within-plot heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. Finally, the optimal mixed-effects model was determined based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), log-likelihood (Loglik) and the likelihood ratio test (LRT). The results indicate that the reciprocal transformation of initial diameter at breast height (1/DBH), relative density index (RD), number of trees per hectare (NT), elevation (EL) and Gini coefficient (GC) had a significant impact on the individual-tree basal area increment. In comparison to the basic model developed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, the mixed-effects model performance was greatly improved. In addition, we observed that the heteroscedasticity was successfully removed by the exponent function and autocorrelation was significantly corrected by AR(1). Our final model also indicated that forest structural diversity significantly affected tree growth and hence should not be neglected. We hope that our final model will contribute to the scientific management of oak-dominated forests.

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“…In vitro bioassays with cut plant material obtained from genetic trials are probably the safest alternative (e.g. Quencez et al, 2001;Fedderwitz et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as the outcome of the molecular interactions between the host and the biotic agent may largely differ between excised material and living plants (Zas et al, 2011), results of in vitro screenings may be not good predictors of what occur in field conditions. Previous fine tuning of the phenotyping protocols is, thus, mandatory (Quencez et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotyping tree resistance to a bark‐chewing insect, the pine weevil Hylobius abietis

Zas

Poceiro

Lores

et al. 2019

Annals of Applied Biology

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Breeding for resistance to forest pests and pathogens is emerging as a promising tool for minimizing the impact of the increasing biotic threats that our forests are experiencing as a consequence of global change. Efficient phenotyping protocols of resistance are urgently needed. Here we present the results of two experiments aimed to determine whether the variation in resistance to the pine weevil Hylobius abietis, a harmful pest of European conifers, can be inferred by non-destructive bioassays using excised plant material collected in forest genetic trials. Weevil damage and amount of non-volatile resin induced by weevil feeding were assessed in young trees and in branches of adult trees using several phenotyping procedures (bioassays using either living trees, excised plant material and cut stem twigs) on four pine species (Pinus pinaster, P. radiata, P. sylvestris and P. pinea). Half of the plants were previously induced with methyl jasmonate (MJ), a treatment that is known to affect resistance to the pine weevil. In experiment 1, living and excised plants showed parallel results: MJ treatment significantly reduced weevil damage, and saplings responded to weevil damage locally increasing the non-volatile resin (NVR) in the stems proportionally to the damage suffered. This response was, however, slightly lower in excised than in living saplings.On the contrary, patterns of weevil feeding on stem twigs completely departed from those observed in living and excised seedlings. Moreover, cut stem twigs were unable to respond to weevil feeding increasing NVR according to the weevil damage. In experiment 2, assessment of weevil damage on excised branches explained around 50% of variation in damage on living branches. This relationship became much more pronounced (R 2 = 0.81) when explored at the mean treatment level; branch manipulation did not altered the patterns of variation in resistance across pine species or MJ treatments. Irrespective of the assessment procedure, MJ consistently decreased weevil damage in all pine species, with larger reduction in weevil damage in stone and maritime pine than in radiata and Scots pine. Radiata pine was the most resistant while Scots pine was the most susceptible to the pine weevil. Overall, results suggest that using excised plant material is an operative alternative for phenotyping weevil resistance whenever care is taken to maintain the functionality of the excised plant material. This will allow taking advantage of multiple available conifer genetic trials to deep on the ecological genetics of resistance to the pine weevil and to screen for resistance without compromising the long-term utility of those genetic trials.

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Reliability of field, greenhouse and cut‐shoot screening procedures for evaluating susceptibility of Scots pine to Melampsora pinitorqua

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Large scale geographic clines of parasite damage to Populus tremula L.

Large scale geographic clines of parasite damage to Populus tremula L.

Development of a Mixed-Effects Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model for Oaks (Quercus spp.) Considering Forest Structural Diversity

Phenotyping tree resistance to a bark‐chewing insect, the pine weevil Hylobius abietis

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