Reliability of delta-crystallin as a marker for studies of chick lens induction

Sullivan, Caroline; Marker, Paul C.; Thorn, Judith M.; Brown, Jeffrey D.

doi:10.1046/j.1432-0436.1998.6410001.x

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…A potential complication with using delta-crystallin (and many other crystallins) as a marker of lens differentiation is that the messenger RNA for this protein has been detected in a variety of non-lens tissues in chicken embryos (Agata et al, 1983;Jeanny et A B D al., 1985;Sullivan et al, 1991b). We find, however, that a combination of morphological changes associated with lens differentiation and the synthesis the delta-crystallin protein, confirmed by immunoblot analysis (Sullivan et al, 1998), provide a definitive assay for lens formation. Therefore, we have used immunoblot analysis complemented by histological assays to monitor lens cell differentiation in our studies designed to re-examine the role of the optic vesicle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…1D). In our previous experiments (Sullivan et al, 1998), an entire strip of head ectoderm was dissected from the surface of the midbrain. In this study, most of our experiments used a smaller piece of head ectoderm from the ventral half of the midbrain (Fig.…”

Section: Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pieces of tissue were cultured on small squares of Millipore or Nuclepore filters supported on a wire mesh screen and placed in a 35 mm culture dish as described previously (Sullivan et al, 1998). The typical culture medium (medium A) was Basal Medium Eagle (BME) supplemented with essential and non-essential amino acids (GibcoBRL), 20% embryo extract (EE) prepared according to Peterson and Grainger (1985), and 15% heatinactivated chicken serum (CS) or fetal calf serum (FCS) after KarkinenJääskeläinen (1978).…”

Section: Tissue Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 µm sections were cut on a microtome and were processed by routine methods (Humason, 1979). To localize sites of deltacrystallin accumulation, sections were incubated for an hour with a 1:2000 dilution of a polyclonal antibody to purified delta-crystallin prepared in rabbits as described previously (Sullivan et al, 1998). Slides were rinsed in 1X PBS then stained with a 1:250 dilution of fluorescein-conjugated goatanti-rabbit (American Qualex) secondary antibody, also for an hour at 37ºC.…”

Section: Histology and Immunofluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

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A re-examination of lens induction in chicken embryos: in vitro studies of early tissue interactions

Sullivan¹,

Braunstein²,

Hazard-Leonards³

et al. 2004

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Early studies on lens induction suggested that the optic vesicle, the precursor of the retina, was the primary inducer of the lens; however, more recent experiments with amphibians establish an important role for earlier inductive interactions between anterior neural plate and adjacent presumptive lens ectoderm in lens formation. We report here experiments assessing key inductive interactions in chicken embryos to see if features of amphibian systems are conserved in birds. We first examined the issue of specification of head ectoderm for a lens fate. A large region of head ectoderm, in addition to the presumptive lens ectoderm, is specified for a lens fate before the time of neural tube closure, well before the optic vesicle first contacts the presumptive lens ectoderm. This positive lens response was observed in cultures grown in a wide range of culture media. We also tested whether the optic vesicle can induce lenses in recombinant cultures with ectoderm and find that, at least with the ectodermal tissues we examined, it generally cannot induce a lens response. Finally, we addressed how lens potential is suppressed in non-lens head ectoderm and show an inhibitory role for head mesenchyme. This mesenchyme is infiltrated by neural crest cells in most regions of the head. Taken together, these results suggest that, as in amphibians, the optic vesicle cannot be solely responsible for lens induction in chicken embryos; other tissue interactions must send early signals required for lens specification, while inhibitory interactions from mesenchyme suppress lens-forming ability outside of the lens area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tissue Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Histology and Immunofluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

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A re-examination of lens induction in chicken embryos: in vitro studies of early tissue interactions

Sullivan¹,

Braunstein²,

Hazard-Leonards³

et al. 2004

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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“…Although the adenohypophysis expresses d-crystallin, this expression is very weak compared with the dcrystallin expression in the lens (figure 4), and an estimated concentration of d-crystallin in the stage 22 chick adenohypophysis is only approximately 1/3000 of the detected amount in the lens [84]. Moreover, lens fibre cells, but not the adenohypophysis, express L-Maf, an early lens marker first expressed in the prospective lens ectoderm (figure 4) [85], and the morphological cell elongation characteristic of lens fibre cells is not detected in adenohypophyseal cells [84,86]. These results imply that high levels of d-crystallin expression in cells of chick is characteristic of lens fibre cells.…”

Section: Rostral Restriction Of Lens Cells By Sonic Hedgehog Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The lens: a classical model of embryonic induction providing new insights into cell determination in early development

Gunhaga

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The lens was the first tissue in which the concept of embryonic induction was demonstrated. For many years lens induction was thought to occur at the time the optic vesicle and lens placode came in contact. Since then, studies have revealed that lens placodal progenitor cells are specified already at gastrula stages, much earlier than previously believed, and independent of optic vesicle interactions. In this review, I will focus on how individual signalling molecules, in particular BMP, FGF, Wnt and Shh, regulate the initial specification of lens placodal cells and the progressive development of lens cells. I will discuss recent work that has shed light on the combination of signalling molecules and the molecular interactions that affect lens specification and proper lens formation. I will also discuss proposed tissue interactions important for lens development. A greater knowledge of the molecular interactions during lens induction is likely to have practical benefits in understanding the causes and consequences of lens diseases. Moreover, knowledge regarding lens induction is providing fundamental important insights into inductive processes in development in general.

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Vertebrate Cranial Placodes I. Embryonic Induction

Baker

Bronner‐Fraser

2001

Developmental Biology

547

559

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Cranial placodes are focal regions of thickened ectoderm in the head of vertebrate embryos that give rise to a wide variety of cell types, including elements of the paired sense organs and neurons in cranial sensory ganglia. They are essential for the formation of much of the cranial sensory nervous system. Although relatively neglected today, interest in placodes has recently been reawakened with the isolation of molecular markers for different stages in their development. This has enabled a more finely tuned approach to the understanding of placode induction and development and in some cases has resulted in the isolation of inducing molecules for particular placodes. Both morphological and molecular data support the existence of a preplacodal domain within the cranial neural plate border region. Nonetheless, multiple tissues and molecules (where known) are involved in placode induction, and each individual placode is induced at different times by a different combination of these tissues, consistent with their diverse fates. Spatiotemporal changes in competence are also important in placode induction. Here, we have tried to provide a comprehensive review that synthesises the highlights of a century of classical experimental research, together with more modern evidence for the tissues and molecules involved in the induction of each placode.

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Reliability of delta-crystallin as a marker for studies of chick lens induction

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

A re-examination of lens induction in chicken embryos: in vitro studies of early tissue interactions

A re-examination of lens induction in chicken embryos: in vitro studies of early tissue interactions

The lens: a classical model of embryonic induction providing new insights into cell determination in early development

Vertebrate Cranial Placodes I. Embryonic Induction

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