Reliability of a tsunami source model derived from fault parameters.

Aida, Isamu

doi:10.4294/jpe1952.26.57

Cited by 260 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Takahashi, 1942;Kajiura, 1963;Ward, 1982;Comer, 1984;Oka!, 1988), or numerically for actual bathymetry (Hwang et al, 1972;Houston, 1978;Aida, 1978;Satake, 1985). Since the bathymetry in Monterey Bay is very complex , with a canyon running northeast to southwest (Figure la), the assumption of uniform depth is not valid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of the tsunami excited by the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake —Faulting or slumping?

Fong¹,

Satake²,

Kanamori³

1991

Geophysical Research Letters

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Abstract. We investigated the tsunami recorded at Monterey, California, during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake (Mw=6.9). The first arrival of the tsunami was about 10 min after the origin time of the earthquake. Using an elastic half space, we computed vertical ground displacements for many different fault models for the Loma Prieta earthquake, and used them as the initial condition for computation of tsunamis in Monterey Bay. The synthetic tsunami computed for the uniform dislocation model determined from seismic data can explain the arrival time, polarity, and amplitude of the beginning of the tsunami. However, the period of the synthetic tsunami is too long compared with the observed. We tested other fault models with more localized slip distribution. None · of the models could explain the observed period. The residual waveform, the observed minus the synthetic waveform, begins as a downward motion at about 18 min after the origin time of the earthquake, and could be interpreted as due to a secondary source near Moss Landing. If the large scale slumping near Moss Landing suggested by an eyewitness observation occurred about 9 min after the origin time of the earthquake, it could explain the residual waveform. To account for the amplitude of the observed tsunami, the volume of sediments involved in the slumping is approximately 0.013 km3. Thus the most likely cause of the tsunami observed at Monterey is the combination of the vertical uplift of the sea floor due to the main faulting and a large scale slumping near Moss Landing.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of the tsunami excited by the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake —Faulting or slumping?

Fong¹,

Satake²,

Kanamori³

1991

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Consequently, the authors recommend the use of detailed bathymetry since it can help increase the accuracy of the waveform output. Validation of the computed waveforms is performed using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and the parameters K and κ proposed by Aida (1978), as defined below:…”

Section: Validation Of the Tsunami Source Model And Waveformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing tsunami fragility curves based on the satellite remote sensing and the numerical modeling of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Thailand

Suppasri

Koshimura

Imamura

2011

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

150

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Abstract. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami damaged and destroyed numerous buildings and houses in Thailand. Estimation of tsunami impact to buildings from this event and evaluation of the potential risks are important but still in progress. The tsunami fragility curve is a function used to estimate the structural fragility against tsunami hazards. This study was undertaken to develop fragility curves using visual inspection of high-resolution satellite images (IKONOS) taken before and after tsunami events to classify whether the buildings were destroyed or not based on the remaining roof. Then, a tsunami inundation model is created to reconstruct the tsunami features such as inundation depth, current velocity, and hydrodynamic force of the event. It is assumed that the fragility curves are expressed as normal or lognormal distribution functions and the estimation of the median and log-standard deviation is performed using least square fitting. From the results, the developed fragility curves for different types of building materials (mixed type, reinforced concrete and wood) show consistent performance in damage probability and when compared to the existing curves for other locations.

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“…On the other hand, if we assume a shortening ratio consistent with GPS observation (− 0.10 ppm/year), baseline change due to the 1894 Shonai earthquake reduces to about − 19 mm (− 3.7 ppm). From GPS observation, the interseismic (2005) 1933/3/3 Sanriku 8.4 − 3.5 − 3.0 Abe (1978) 1936/11/3 Miyagi-oki 7.2 + 0.6 + 0.1 Yamanaka and Kikuchi (2004) 1937/7/27 Miyagi-oki 7.1 + 0.1 0.0 Yamanaka and Kikuchi (2004) 1938/5/23-1938/11/7 Shioyazaki-oki 7.0, 7.5, 7.3,7.4, 6.9 − 0.6 − 0.4 Abe (1977 1962/4/30 Northern Miyagi 6.2 + 0.5 + 0.6 Sato (1989) 1964/6/16 Niigata 7.6 + 8.0 + 3.0 Abe (1975) 1968/5/16 Tokachi-oki 8.2 − 0.4 − 0.5 Aida (1978) 1970/10/16 SE Akita 6.2 − 0.2 0.0 Mikumo (1974) 1978/6/12 Miyagi-oki 7.5 + 1.5 − 0.5 Seno et al (1980) 1983/5/26 Japan Sea 7.7 − 1.1 − 0.4 Sato (1985) 2003 / shortening ratio can be as small as 0 based on GPS observation before 2011. However, if we assume no interseismic deformation, coseismic length change of the 1894 Shonai earthquake is estimated to be negative, which we consider unlikely.…”

Section: Re-survey Of the Shionohara Baselinementioning

confidence: 99%

Triangulation scale error caused by the 1894 Shonai earthquake: a possible cause of erroneous interpretation of seismic potential along the Japan Trench

Sagiya

Matta

Ohta

2018

Earth Planets Space

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Horizontal crustal strain in the Tohoku area during the twentieth century based on triangulation showed N-S extension and E-W contraction was not significant. This feature was one of the reasons why the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake was unexpected for many scientists. The first triangulation conducted in the late nineteenth century used a length scale defined by baseline surveys, direct measurements of short (2-10 km) baselines with steel rods. The Shionohara baseline in the Yamagata prefecture was measured in May-July 1894 and the 1894 Shonai (M7.0) earthquake occurred in its western neighbor 3 months after the measurement. The earthquake possibly elongated the baseline by as large as 5 cm or 10 ppm. However, the original length measured before the earthquake was used for the network adjustment of the entire triangulation network, causing extensive underestimation of the length scale of the network as large as 5-10 ppm in northeast Japan. The scale error effect was comparable to tectonic deformation signal over 100 years. The baseline length was re-surveyed in 2012, 1 year after the Tohoku-oki earthquake, and the result is consistent with the hypothesis of scale bias considering interseismic deformation.

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Reliability of a tsunami source model derived from fault parameters.

Cited by 260 publications

References 15 publications

The origin of the tsunami excited by the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake —Faulting or slumping?

The origin of the tsunami excited by the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake —Faulting or slumping?

Developing tsunami fragility curves based on the satellite remote sensing and the numerical modeling of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Thailand

Triangulation scale error caused by the 1894 Shonai earthquake: a possible cause of erroneous interpretation of seismic potential along the Japan Trench

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