Reliability of a paper‐and‐pencil version of the Japanese Adult Reading Test short version

Abstract

T HE NATIONAL ADULT Reading Test (NART), which measures participants' ability to read irregularly spelled English words, is a useful method for estimating IQ and premorbid IQ in patients with mental illness. 1 The Japanese Adult Reading Test (JART) was also developed for estimating IQ; it measures an individual's ability to read 50 Kanji words.2 The JART has good validity compared to IQ measured using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised 2,3 and -III.4 A 25-item short version of the JART (JART25) has also been validated, 3 and because of its simplicity, has been widely used in psychiatric studies in Japan.The original version of the JART is administered using a face-to-face interview. A participant is instructed to say aloud 50 Kanji words from a list. Japanese language has three types of characters: Kanji is based on lexical morphemes, while hiragana and katakana are segmental scripts that consist of one or more graphemes (mora) for each hiragana (katakana) word. As the phonological characters of the Japanese language can be almost identical between writing and reading hiragana (katakana), the JART could be administered using a paperand-pencil format. It is common for Japanese school children to learn how to read and write Kanji using hiragana. Therefore, the paper-and-pencil version of the JART could estimate IQ more efficiently than a face-to-face interview because interviewers would not be necessary. Here, we tested the reliability of a paper-and-pencil version of the JART compared to the original version.Fifty-two healthy participants whose native language was Japanese participated in this study (female = 36; mean age = 33.4 years [SD = 12.2,). This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, and all participants gave written informed consent. All participants took the paper-and-pencil version of the JART25 first in a self-reported questionnaire, and were then administered the original version of the JART25 within a 12-month interval by three psychologists. In the paper-and-pencil version, a participant was given the same instructions as the original version, 2,3 and was also asked to respond without looking up any of the items.The results showed that the paper-and-pencil version of the JART25 had almost perfect consistency with the original interview version (Paper: 110.7 [6.9], interview: 110.6 [7.1]; intraclass correlation coefficient (2,1) = 0.95, P < 0.001). Thus, the paper-and-pencil version of the JART25 retains the accuracy of the original face-to-face version.We provide the detailed method for implementation of the paper-and-pencil version of the JART25 (http://npsy.umin.jp/ indicator.html). DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

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