“…3D printing of highly pure copper with superior electrical and thermal properties has been studied extensively due to its broad potential in many applications including electronic devices [1,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], thermal management systems [4,12], and the aerospace industry [4,12,[21][22][23][24][25]. Compared to conventional 3D printing of highly pure copper with superior electrical and thermal properties has been studied extensively due to its broad potential in many applications including electronic devices [1,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], thermal management systems [4,12], and the aerospace industry [4,12,[21][22][23][24][25]. Compared to conventional fabrication methods such as metal casting, welding, and machining, 3D printing can fabricate more optimized and complex 3D copper parts without using additional tools [26][27][28][29][30][31]…”