Reliability Generalization of Scores on the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory

Abstract

A reliability generalization study for Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was conducted. A total of 816 research articles utilizing the STAI between 1990 and 2000 were reviewed and classified as having (a) ignored reliability (73%), (b) mentioned reliability or reported reliability coefficients from another source (21%), or (c) computed reliability for the data at hand (6%). Articles in medically oriented journals were shorter and somewhat less likely to mention or compute reliability than nonmedically oriented articles, perhaps due to paradigm differences. Average reliability coefficients were acceptable for both internal consistency and test-retest, but variation was present among the estimates. State test-retest coefficients were lower than internal consistency coefficients. Score variability was predictive of internal consistency reliability for scores on both scales. Other predictors were the age of research participants, the form of the STAI, and the type of research design.

Effect of Psychological Stress on Female Vocal Quality

“…Additionally the effect of the subjective experience of emotion was evaluated in this study. In line with previous literature [17][18][19][20] we assumed that a stress-inducing condition can produce state anxiety, and that the amount of state anxiety might further affect voice characteristics. Studies evaluating the effect of stress on vocal quality using an objective multiparameter voice approach in combination with a perceptual evaluation of vocal characteristics and with an evaluation of state anxiety have -to the best of our knowledge -not been reported yet.…”

“…The authors also suggest that further research into this subject could focus on biological parameters of stress. One of the known biological reactions of stress is skeletal muscle tension [18] . Further research needs to be done to determine to what extent increased tension or physical effort in the system of respiration, phonation or resonance and laryngeal hypertonicity in the stressing condition may lead to a different phonation style and to what extent a stress management program can change this phonation style.…”

Anxiety in visual field testing

“…Given the recognised relationship between age and trait anxiety,18 a baseline trait anxiety test was evaluated with age-matched HVF and HRT groups. The trait anxiety level of the study sample was found to compare well with the normal population,6 and the two groups undergoing HVF or HRT testing were found to compare well with each other in their trait and pretest anxiety scores.…”

Flight behaviour in humans is intensified by a candidate genetic risk factor for panic disorder: evidence from a translational model of fear and anxiety

“…The construct validity of flight intensity was also supported by the absence of a significant association with scores on Spielberger trait anxiety (F(1, 194) = 0.01, P = 0.998), which is a widely accepted questionnaire measure of anxiety proneness. 8 Sex did not affect flight intensity in this model (F(1, 194) = 1.50, P = 0.222), nor was there a significant allele  sex interaction (F(1, 194) = 1.56, P = 0.213). There was no significant interaction between tissue damage fear and rs6313 carrier status (C carrier or TT homozygote) (F(1, 191) = 0.44, P = 0.511).…”

“…Inflammation at age 12 was assessed based on levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) collected through blood spots. 8 Measures of body temperature and waist-hip ratio, two important potential intervening variables, were also collected at the time of blood spot collection (see Supplementary Methods).…”