Reliability and validity of the Japanese edition of the Defense Style Questionnaire 40

Abstract

Defense styles have a close relationship with ego development and psychopathology. The purpose of the present paper was to examine the reliability and validity of the Japanese edition of the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40; Andrews et al. 1993). Six hundred and six Japanese university students (348 female) completed the DSQ-40 and Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI). The neurotic tendency had positive correlations with immature and neurotic defense styles and a negative correlation with the mature defense style. The extroversion tendency had positive correlations with the mature and neurotic defense styles and a negative correlation with the immature defense style. There was a significant test-retest correlation for all items of the DSQ-40 (n = 284). The results show that the Japanese version of the DSQ-40 had concurrent validity with the MPI and a test-retest reliability of 2 months, although there was some doubt about the validity of the factor structure of the DSQ-40. Therefore, the DSQ-40 is a useful scale in Japan to measure ego development and ego function through defense styles.

Can the factor structure of Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) contribute to our understanding of parental acceptance/rejection, bullying, victimization and perceived well-being in Greek early adolescents?

“…The defense mechanisms loading on this factor are: reaction formation, undoing, idealization, pseudo-altruism. These are in line with those reported in the original study (Andrews et al, 1993), and also in a range of studies in adolescents from different nationalities (Hayashi et al, 2004). The four factors described above and the correlations amongst them support Vaillant’s (1971) continuum from maturity to immaturity.…”

“…The four factor structure comes out well, in spite of cross-loadings. Cross-loadings also appear in studies with both adults (Hyphantis, 2010) and adolescents (Hayashi, Miyake, & Minakawa, 2004). …”

The use of the defence style questionnaire in major depressive and panic disorders: A comprehensive meta‐analysis

“…The DSQ, in its various versions, has been validated on samples across several ethnic backgrounds. To our knowledge, it has been validated on Italian (San Martini, Roma, Sarti, Lingiardi, & Bond, 2004), French (Bonsack, Despland, & Spagnoli, 1998; Chabrol, Callahan et al , 2005), Brazilian‐Portuguese (Blaya et al , 2004), German (Reister et al , 1993; Schauenburg, Willenborg, Sammet, & Ehrenthal, 2007), Japanese (Hayashi, Miyake, & Minakawa, 2004), Chinese (Chan, 1997), and Turkish (Yilmaz, Gençöz, & Ak, 2007) samples.…”

Psychological defense mechanisms among individuals with SCI with adjustment disorder

“…This instrument has been widely validated in numerous languages. [27][28][29][30] This assessment tool has been shown to be reliable and valid for identification of defense mechanisms. 31 Moreover, The Farsi version of this instrument has been shown to have acceptable validity and reliability.…”