Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children

Abstract

Objectives:This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) in Japanese children aged 9 to 12 years.Methods:A total of 210 children aged between 9 and 12 years participated. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated using Cronbach alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Validity was evaluated using athletic competence (AC), self-efficacy (SE), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (%BF), cardiovascular fitness (CVF), and World Health Organization Health Behavior in School-aged Children (WHO HBSC) physical activity questionnaire.Results:Internal consistency was acceptable (alpha = 0.80) and test-retest reliability showed excellent agreement (ICC = 0.83). The PAQ-C score was significantly correlated with AC (r = 0.41), SE (r = 0.65), %BF (r = 0.19), and CVF (r = −0.32). The PAQ-C score of the active group classified by the WHO HBSC physical activity questionnaire (mean score ± standard deviation [SD] = 3.03 ± 0.57) was significantly higher than that of the inactive group (mean score ± SD = 2.27 ± 0.63, P < .01).Conclusions:The PAQ-C had acceptable reliability and validity. The PAQ-C is a useful instrument to evaluate physical activity for Japanese children aged 9 to 12 years.

Towards a Functional Approach to the Assessment of Daily Life Physical Activity in Children: Are the PAQ-C and Fitbit Flex-2 Technically Adequate?

“…First, Cronbach’s α, performed to check PAQ-C internal consistency, was found to be 0.78 for the 7th grade, a value that was similar to previous PAQ-C adaptations in several countries [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 46 , 47 ]. The estimates for the 4th grade and the total sample were lower; nevertheless, taking into account that a value of Cronbach’s α higher than 0.70 suggests a reliable questionnaire [ 43 ], our results suggest satisfactory internal consistency of the PAQ-C in Greek children.…”

“…The estimates for the 4th grade and the total sample were lower; nevertheless, taking into account that a value of Cronbach’s α higher than 0.70 suggests a reliable questionnaire [ 43 ], our results suggest satisfactory internal consistency of the PAQ-C in Greek children. As far as its test–retest reliability is concerned, research evidence supports the stability of the PAQ-C over time, since it has been found to present moderate (ICC = 0.73 [ 26 ]; 0.75 [ 48 ]), good (ICC = 0.82 [ 38 ]; 0.83 [ 39 ]) and excellent (ICC = 0.90) [ 49 ]; 0.96 [ 46 ]) test–retest reliability. The variability of the aforesaid ICCs can be attributed to the wide range of the time intervals used for readministering the PAQ-C in the above studies.…”

“…Among them is the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), a simple seven-day recall questionnaire that aims at providing a global measure of PA during the school year in 8–14-year-old children [ 35 , 36 ]. The PAQ-C has been translated into several languages around the world (e.g., Dutch [ 37 ], Chinese [ 38 ], Tunisian [ 16 ], Japanese [ 39 ]), enabling large-scale research into older children’s PA in these countries as well as cross-cultural comparisons.…”

Adaptation and validation of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) among Czech children

“…This led to our modifying the spare-time activities checklist as we mentioned in the Methods section to better reflect the structure of school time in Czechia and children’s overall movement behaviour during school days. Such changes and replacements to such questionnaires are not isolated—similar item modifications, removals, or additions were made in other language versions or modifications of the PAQ-C as well [ 17 – 19 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 44 , 45 ]. Data collection was practical in that completion of the questionnaire took 10–35 minutes, which is acceptable.…”

Lower physical activity is associated with daytime sleepiness in children aged 9–12 years

“…PA was assessed using the Japanese version of PAQ-C which had acceptable reliability and validity (In this study: Cronbach’s alpha = .81) (Isa et al, 2019). The PAQ-C is a self-reported seven-day recall questionnaire for children aged 8–14 years (Crocker et al, 1997; Kowalski et al, 1997).…”